[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"summary-8189976a69a2e833-sharp-4x-5x-faster-node-js-image-processing-summary":3,"summaries-facets-categories":105,"summary-related-8189976a69a2e833-sharp-4x-5x-faster-node-js-image-processing-summary":3674},{"id":4,"title":5,"ai":6,"body":13,"categories":51,"created_at":53,"date_modified":53,"description":45,"extension":54,"faq":53,"featured":55,"kicker_label":53,"meta":56,"navigation":88,"path":89,"published_at":53,"question":53,"scraped_at":90,"seo":91,"sitemap":92,"source_id":93,"source_name":94,"source_type":95,"source_url":96,"stem":97,"tags":98,"thumbnail_url":53,"tldr":102,"tweet":53,"unknown_tags":103,"__hash__":104},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F8189976a69a2e833-sharp-4x-5x-faster-node-js-image-processing-summary.md","Sharp: 4x-5x Faster Node.js Image Processing",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":9,"output_tokens":10,"processing_time_ms":11,"cost_usd":12},"openrouter","x-ai\u002Fgrok-4.1-fast",4240,1964,10404,0.00132315,{"type":14,"value":15,"toc":44},"minimark",[16,21,30,34,37,41],[17,18,20],"h2",{"id":19},"achieve-production-grade-speed-without-sacrificing-quality","Achieve Production-Grade Speed Without Sacrificing Quality",[22,23,24,25,29],"p",{},"Resizing large images to web formats (JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF) runs 4x-5x faster than ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick's fastest settings because Sharp binds directly to libvips, which processes small uncompressed regions in memory using multiple CPU cores and L1\u002FL2\u002FL3 cache. Lanczos resampling preserves sharpness during shrinks, while correctly managing color spaces, ICC profiles, and alpha channels. Beyond resize, apply rotation, extraction, compositing, and gamma correction non-blockingly via libuv—no child processes spawned, full Promises\u002Fasync\u002Fawait support. Install with ",[26,27,28],"code",{},"npm install sharp","; no runtime deps needed on modern macOS, Windows, or Linux.",[17,31,33],{"id":32},"full-format-flexibility-and-pipeline-power","Full Format Flexibility and Pipeline Power",[22,35,36],{},"Read from JPEG, PNG, WebP, GIF, AVIF, TIFF, SVG via streams, Buffers, or filesystem; output to those plus TIFF or raw pixels. Split one input stream across multiple output pipelines for efficient batching. Generate Deep Zoom pyramids directly for OpenSeadragon tile viewers. This setup scales for high-throughput servers without blocking the event loop.",[17,38,40],{"id":39},"optimize-file-sizes-natively-skip-cli-tools","Optimize File Sizes Natively, Skip CLI Tools",[22,42,43],{},"Embed mozjpeg for JPEG compression and pngquant for PNG, auto-optimizing Huffman tables—no need for separate jpegoptim or jpegtran calls. PNG filtering stays off by default, matching pngcrush results for diagrams\u002Fline art. Animated GIFs shrink without gifsicle. These built-ins cut pipeline complexity and invocation overhead, yielding smaller files at matching quality.",{"title":45,"searchDepth":46,"depth":46,"links":47},"",2,[48,49,50],{"id":19,"depth":46,"text":20},{"id":32,"depth":46,"text":33},{"id":39,"depth":46,"text":40},[52],"Software Engineering",null,"md",false,{"content_references":57,"triage":83},[58,63,66,69,71,74,77,80],{"type":59,"title":60,"url":61,"context":62},"tool","libvips","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Flibvips\u002Flibvips","mentioned",{"type":59,"title":64,"url":65,"context":62},"OpenSeadragon","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fopenseadragon\u002Fopenseadragon",{"type":67,"title":68,"context":62},"other","mozjpeg",{"type":67,"title":70,"context":62},"pngquant",{"type":67,"title":72,"url":73,"context":62},"jpegoptim","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Ftjko\u002Fjpegoptim",{"type":67,"title":75,"url":76,"context":62},"jpegtran","http:\u002F\u002Fjpegclub.org\u002Fjpegtran\u002F",{"type":67,"title":78,"url":79,"context":62},"pngcrush","https:\u002F\u002Fpmt.sourceforge.io\u002Fpngcrush\u002F",{"type":67,"title":81,"url":82,"context":62},"gifsicle","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lcdf.org\u002Fgifsicle\u002F",{"relevance":84,"novelty":85,"quality":84,"actionability":84,"composite":86,"reasoning":87},4,3,3.8,"Category: Software Engineering. The article discusses the Sharp library for Node.js, which provides practical solutions for image processing, addressing the audience's need for efficient tools in building AI-powered products. It offers specific performance improvements and installation instructions, making it actionable for developers.",true,"\u002Fsummaries\u002F8189976a69a2e833-sharp-4x-5x-faster-node-js-image-processing-summary","2026-04-16 03:07:48",{"title":5,"description":45},{"loc":89},"8189976a69a2e833","__oneoff__","article","https:\u002F\u002Fsharp.pixelplumbing.com\u002F","summaries\u002F8189976a69a2e833-sharp-4x-5x-faster-node-js-image-processing-summary",[99,100,101],"frontend","dev-productivity","nodejs","Sharp leverages libvips for 4x-5x faster image resizing than ImageMagick, handles modern formats like AVIF with quality Lanczos resampling, and optimizes JPEG\u002FPNG\u002FGIF output without extra tools—all via simple npm install on Node.js >=18.17.0, Deno, or Bun.",[100,101],"ywi5_TbZ5cDSPSbqGMCc1q8iZWjWPlJ84JljyX7eJQk",[106,109,112,115,118,121,123,125,127,129,131,133,136,138,140,142,144,146,148,150,152,154,157,160,162,164,166,168,170,173,175,177,179,181,183,185,187,189,191,193,195,197,199,201,203,205,207,209,211,213,215,217,219,221,223,225,227,229,231,233,235,237,239,241,243,245,247,249,251,253,255,257,259,261,263,265,267,269,271,273,275,277,279,281,283,285,287,289,291,293,295,297,299,301,303,305,307,309,311,313,315,317,319,321,323,325,327,329,331,333,335,337,339,341,343,345,347,349,351,353,355,357,359,361,363,365,367,369,371,373,375,377,379,381,383,385,387,389,391,393,395,397,399,401,403,405,407,409,411,413,415,417,419,421,423,425,428,430,432,434,436,438,440,442,444,446,448,450,452,454,456,458,460,462,464,466,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,486,488,490,492,494,496,498,500,502,504,506,508,510,512,514,516,518,520,522,524,526,528,530,532,534,536,538,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558,560,562,564,566,568,570,572,574,576,578,580,582,584,586,588,590,592,594,596,598,600,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,618,620,622,624,626,628,630,632,634,636,638,640,642,644,646,648,650,652,654,656,658,660,662,664,666,668,670,672,674,676,678,680,682,684,686,688,690,692,694,696,698,700,702,704,706,708,710,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,808,810,812,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978,980,982,984,986,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138,1140,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1294,1296,1298,1300,1302,1304,1306,1308,1310,1312,1314,1316,1318,1320,1322,1324,1326,1328,1330,1332,1334,1336,1338,1340,1342,1344,1346,1348,1350,1352,1354,1356,1358,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370,1372,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1444,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1526,1528,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590,1592,1594,1596,1598,1600,1602,1604,1606,1608,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636,1638,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692,1694,1696,1698,1700,1702,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716,1718,1720,1722,1724,1726,1728,1730,1732,1734,1736,1738,1740,1742,1744,1746,1748,1750,1752,1754,1756,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1784,1786,1788,1790,1792,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860,1862,1864,1866,1868,1870,1872,1874,1876,1878,1880,1882,1884,1886,1888,1890,1892,1894,1896,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928,1930,1932,1934,1936,1938,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950,1952,1954,1956,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1998,2000,2002,2004,2006,2008,2010,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030,2032,2034,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048,2050,2052,2054,2056,2058,2060,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136,2138,2140,2142,2144,2146,2148,2150,2152,2154,2156,2158,2160,2162,2164,2166,2168,2170,2172,2174,2176,2178,2180,2182,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210,2212,2214,2216,2218,2220,2222,2224,2226,2228,2230,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2250,2252,2254,2256,2258,2260,2262,2264,2266,2268,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2290,2292,2294,2296,2298,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308,2310,2312,2314,2316,2318,2320,2322,2324,2326,2328,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348,2350,2352,2354,2356,2358,2360,2362,2364,2366,2368,2370,2372,2374,2376,2378,2380,2382,2384,2386,2388,2390,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400,2402,2404,2406,2408,2410,2412,2414,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2426,2428,2430,2432,2434,2436,2438,2440,2442,2444,2446,2448,2450,2452,2454,2456,2458,2460,2462,2464,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2546,2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2590,2592,2594,2596,2598,2600,2602,2604,2606,2608,2610,2612,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642,2644,2646,2648,2650,2652,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670,2672,2674,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688,2690,2692,2694,2696,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716,2718,2720,2722,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738,2740,2742,2744,2746,2748,2750,2752,2754,2756,2758,2760,2762,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774,2776,2778,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2790,2792,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806,2808,2810,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820,2822,2824,2826,2828,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838,2840,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2852,2854,2856,2858,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876,2878,2880,2882,2884,2886,2888,2890,2892,2894,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922,2924,2926,2928,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938,2940,2942,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980,2982,2984,2986,2988,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032,3034,3036,3038,3040,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060,3062,3064,3066,3068,3070,3072,3074,3076,3078,3080,3082,3084,3086,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124,3126,3128,3130,3132,3134,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156,3158,3160,3162,3164,3166,3168,3170,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220,3222,3224,3226,3228,3230,3232,3234,3236,3238,3240,3242,3244,3246,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3262,3264,3266,3268,3270,3272,3274,3276,3278,3280,3282,3284,3286,3288,3290,3292,3294,3296,3298,3300,3302,3304,3306,3308,3310,3312,3314,3316,3318,3320,3322,3324,3326,3328,3330,3332,3334,3336,3338,3340,3342,3344,3346,3348,3350,3352,3354,3356,3358,3360,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454,3456,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466,3468,3470,3472,3474,3476,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3488,3490,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502,3504,3506,3508,3510,3512,3514,3516,3518,3520,3522,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3550,3552,3554,3556,3558,3560,3562,3564,3566,3568,3570,3572,3574,3576,3578,3580,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606,3608,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620,3622,3624,3626,3628,3630,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672],{"categories":107},[108],"Developer Productivity",{"categories":110},[111],"Business & SaaS",{"categories":113},[114],"AI & LLMs",{"categories":116},[117],"AI Automation",{"categories":119},[120],"Product Strategy",{"categories":122},[114],{"categories":124},[108],{"categories":126},[111],{"categories":128},[],{"categories":130},[114],{"categories":132},[],{"categories":134},[135],"AI News & Trends",{"categories":137},[117],{"categories":139},[135],{"categories":141},[117],{"categories":143},[117],{"categories":145},[114],{"categories":147},[114],{"categories":149},[135],{"categories":151},[114],{"categories":153},[],{"categories":155},[156],"Design & Frontend",{"categories":158},[159],"Data Science & Visualization",{"categories":161},[135],{"categories":163},[],{"categories":165},[52],{"categories":167},[114],{"categories":169},[117],{"categories":171},[172],"Marketing & Growth",{"categories":174},[114],{"categories":176},[117],{"categories":178},[],{"categories":180},[],{"categories":182},[156],{"categories":184},[117],{"categories":186},[108],{"categories":188},[156],{"categories":190},[114],{"categories":192},[117],{"categories":194},[135],{"categories":196},[],{"categories":198},[],{"categories":200},[117],{"categories":202},[52],{"categories":204},[],{"categories":206},[111],{"categories":208},[],{"categories":210},[],{"categories":212},[117],{"categories":214},[117],{"categories":216},[114],{"categories":218},[],{"categories":220},[52],{"categories":222},[],{"categories":224},[],{"categories":226},[],{"categories":228},[114],{"categories":230},[172],{"categories":232},[156],{"categories":234},[156],{"categories":236},[114],{"categories":238},[117],{"categories":240},[114],{"categories":242},[114],{"categories":244},[117],{"categories":246},[117],{"categories":248},[159],{"categories":250},[135],{"categories":252},[117],{"categories":254},[172],{"categories":256},[117],{"categories":258},[120],{"categories":260},[],{"categories":262},[117],{"categories":264},[],{"categories":266},[117],{"categories":268},[52],{"categories":270},[156],{"categories":272},[114],{"categories":274},[],{"categories":276},[],{"categories":278},[117],{"categories":280},[],{"categories":282},[114],{"categories":284},[],{"categories":286},[108],{"categories":288},[52],{"categories":290},[111],{"categories":292},[135],{"categories":294},[114],{"categories":296},[],{"categories":298},[114],{"categories":300},[],{"categories":302},[52],{"categories":304},[159],{"categories":306},[],{"categories":308},[114],{"categories":310},[156],{"categories":312},[],{"categories":314},[156],{"categories":316},[117],{"categories":318},[],{"categories":320},[117],{"categories":322},[135],{"categories":324},[114],{"categories":326},[],{"categories":328},[117],{"categories":330},[114],{"categories":332},[120],{"categories":334},[],{"categories":336},[114],{"categories":338},[117],{"categories":340},[117],{"categories":342},[],{"categories":344},[159],{"categories":346},[114],{"categories":348},[],{"categories":350},[108],{"categories":352},[111],{"categories":354},[114],{"categories":356},[117],{"categories":358},[52],{"categories":360},[114],{"categories":362},[],{"categories":364},[],{"categories":366},[114],{"categories":368},[],{"categories":370},[156],{"categories":372},[],{"categories":374},[114],{"categories":376},[],{"categories":378},[117],{"categories":380},[114],{"categories":382},[156],{"categories":384},[],{"categories":386},[114],{"categories":388},[114],{"categories":390},[111],{"categories":392},[117],{"categories":394},[114],{"categories":396},[156],{"categories":398},[117],{"categories":400},[],{"categories":402},[],{"categories":404},[135],{"categories":406},[],{"categories":408},[114],{"categories":410},[111,172],{"categories":412},[],{"categories":414},[114],{"categories":416},[],{"categories":418},[],{"categories":420},[114],{"categories":422},[],{"categories":424},[114],{"categories":426},[427],"DevOps & Cloud",{"categories":429},[],{"categories":431},[135],{"categories":433},[156],{"categories":435},[],{"categories":437},[135],{"categories":439},[135],{"categories":441},[114],{"categories":443},[172],{"categories":445},[],{"categories":447},[111],{"categories":449},[],{"categories":451},[114,427],{"categories":453},[114],{"categories":455},[114],{"categories":457},[117],{"categories":459},[114,52],{"categories":461},[159],{"categories":463},[114],{"categories":465},[172],{"categories":467},[117],{"categories":469},[117],{"categories":471},[],{"categories":473},[117],{"categories":475},[114,111],{"categories":477},[],{"categories":479},[156],{"categories":481},[156],{"categories":483},[],{"categories":485},[],{"categories":487},[135],{"categories":489},[],{"categories":491},[108],{"categories":493},[52],{"categories":495},[114],{"categories":497},[156],{"categories":499},[117],{"categories":501},[52],{"categories":503},[135],{"categories":505},[156],{"categories":507},[],{"categories":509},[114],{"categories":511},[114],{"categories":513},[114],{"categories":515},[135],{"categories":517},[108],{"categories":519},[114],{"categories":521},[117],{"categories":523},[427],{"categories":525},[156],{"categories":527},[117],{"categories":529},[],{"categories":531},[],{"categories":533},[156],{"categories":535},[135],{"categories":537},[159],{"categories":539},[],{"categories":541},[114],{"categories":543},[114],{"categories":545},[111],{"categories":547},[114],{"categories":549},[114],{"categories":551},[135],{"categories":553},[],{"categories":555},[117],{"categories":557},[52],{"categories":559},[],{"categories":561},[114],{"categories":563},[114],{"categories":565},[117],{"categories":567},[],{"categories":569},[],{"categories":571},[114],{"categories":573},[],{"categories":575},[111],{"categories":577},[117],{"categories":579},[],{"categories":581},[108],{"categories":583},[114],{"categories":585},[111],{"categories":587},[135],{"categories":589},[],{"categories":591},[],{"categories":593},[],{"categories":595},[135],{"categories":597},[135],{"categories":599},[],{"categories":601},[],{"categories":603},[111],{"categories":605},[],{"categories":607},[],{"categories":609},[108],{"categories":611},[],{"categories":613},[172],{"categories":615},[117],{"categories":617},[111],{"categories":619},[117],{"categories":621},[],{"categories":623},[120],{"categories":625},[156],{"categories":627},[52],{"categories":629},[114],{"categories":631},[117],{"categories":633},[111],{"categories":635},[114],{"categories":637},[],{"categories":639},[],{"categories":641},[52],{"categories":643},[159],{"categories":645},[120],{"categories":647},[117],{"categories":649},[114],{"categories":651},[],{"categories":653},[427],{"categories":655},[],{"categories":657},[117],{"categories":659},[],{"categories":661},[],{"categories":663},[114],{"categories":665},[156],{"categories":667},[172],{"categories":669},[117],{"categories":671},[],{"categories":673},[108],{"categories":675},[],{"categories":677},[135],{"categories":679},[114,427],{"categories":681},[135],{"categories":683},[114],{"categories":685},[111],{"categories":687},[114],{"categories":689},[],{"categories":691},[111],{"categories":693},[],{"categories":695},[52],{"categories":697},[156],{"categories":699},[135],{"categories":701},[159],{"categories":703},[108],{"categories":705},[114],{"categories":707},[52],{"categories":709},[],{"categories":711},[],{"categories":713},[120],{"categories":715},[],{"categories":717},[114],{"categories":719},[],{"categories":721},[156],{"categories":723},[156],{"categories":725},[156],{"categories":727},[],{"categories":729},[],{"categories":731},[135],{"categories":733},[117],{"categories":735},[114],{"categories":737},[114],{"categories":739},[114],{"categories":741},[111],{"categories":743},[114],{"categories":745},[],{"categories":747},[52],{"categories":749},[52],{"categories":751},[111],{"categories":753},[],{"categories":755},[114],{"categories":757},[114],{"categories":759},[111],{"categories":761},[135],{"categories":763},[172],{"categories":765},[117],{"categories":767},[],{"categories":769},[156],{"categories":771},[],{"categories":773},[114],{"categories":775},[],{"categories":777},[111],{"categories":779},[117],{"categories":781},[],{"categories":783},[427],{"categories":785},[159],{"categories":787},[52],{"categories":789},[172],{"categories":791},[52],{"categories":793},[117],{"categories":795},[],{"categories":797},[],{"categories":799},[117],{"categories":801},[108],{"categories":803},[117],{"categories":805},[120],{"categories":807},[111],{"categories":809},[],{"categories":811},[114],{"categories":813},[120],{"categories":815},[114],{"categories":817},[114],{"categories":819},[172],{"categories":821},[156],{"categories":823},[117],{"categories":825},[],{"categories":827},[],{"categories":829},[427],{"categories":831},[52],{"categories":833},[],{"categories":835},[117],{"categories":837},[114],{"categories":839},[156,114],{"categories":841},[108],{"categories":843},[],{"categories":845},[114],{"categories":847},[108],{"categories":849},[156],{"categories":851},[117],{"categories":853},[52],{"categories":855},[],{"categories":857},[114],{"categories":859},[],{"categories":861},[108],{"categories":863},[],{"categories":865},[117],{"categories":867},[120],{"categories":869},[114],{"categories":871},[114],{"categories":873},[156],{"categories":875},[117],{"categories":877},[427],{"categories":879},[156],{"categories":881},[117],{"categories":883},[114],{"categories":885},[114],{"categories":887},[114],{"categories":889},[135],{"categories":891},[],{"categories":893},[120],{"categories":895},[117],{"categories":897},[156],{"categories":899},[117],{"categories":901},[52],{"categories":903},[156],{"categories":905},[117],{"categories":907},[135],{"categories":909},[],{"categories":911},[114],{"categories":913},[156],{"categories":915},[114],{"categories":917},[108],{"categories":919},[135],{"categories":921},[114],{"categories":923},[172],{"categories":925},[114],{"categories":927},[114],{"categories":929},[117],{"categories":931},[117],{"categories":933},[114],{"categories":935},[117],{"categories":937},[156],{"categories":939},[114],{"categories":941},[],{"categories":943},[],{"categories":945},[52],{"categories":947},[],{"categories":949},[108],{"categories":951},[427],{"categories":953},[],{"categories":955},[108],{"categories":957},[111],{"categories":959},[172],{"categories":961},[],{"categories":963},[111],{"categories":965},[],{"categories":967},[],{"categories":969},[],{"categories":971},[],{"categories":973},[],{"categories":975},[114],{"categories":977},[117],{"categories":979},[427],{"categories":981},[108],{"categories":983},[114],{"categories":985},[52],{"categories":987},[120],{"categories":989},[114],{"categories":991},[172],{"categories":993},[114],{"categories":995},[114],{"categories":997},[114],{"categories":999},[114,108],{"categories":1001},[52],{"categories":1003},[52],{"categories":1005},[156],{"categories":1007},[114],{"categories":1009},[],{"categories":1011},[],{"categories":1013},[],{"categories":1015},[52],{"categories":1017},[159],{"categories":1019},[135],{"categories":1021},[156],{"categories":1023},[],{"categories":1025},[114],{"categories":1027},[114],{"categories":1029},[],{"categories":1031},[],{"categories":1033},[117],{"categories":1035},[114],{"categories":1037},[111],{"categories":1039},[],{"categories":1041},[108],{"categories":1043},[114],{"categories":1045},[108],{"categories":1047},[114],{"categories":1049},[52],{"categories":1051},[172],{"categories":1053},[114,156],{"categories":1055},[135],{"categories":1057},[156],{"categories":1059},[],{"categories":1061},[427],{"categories":1063},[156],{"categories":1065},[117],{"categories":1067},[],{"categories":1069},[],{"categories":1071},[],{"categories":1073},[],{"categories":1075},[52],{"categories":1077},[117],{"categories":1079},[117],{"categories":1081},[114],{"categories":1083},[114],{"categories":1085},[],{"categories":1087},[156],{"categories":1089},[],{"categories":1091},[],{"categories":1093},[117],{"categories":1095},[],{"categories":1097},[],{"categories":1099},[172],{"categories":1101},[172],{"categories":1103},[117],{"categories":1105},[],{"categories":1107},[114],{"categories":1109},[114],{"categories":1111},[52],{"categories":1113},[156],{"categories":1115},[156],{"categories":1117},[117],{"categories":1119},[108],{"categories":1121},[114],{"categories":1123},[156],{"categories":1125},[156],{"categories":1127},[117],{"categories":1129},[117],{"categories":1131},[114],{"categories":1133},[],{"categories":1135},[],{"categories":1137},[114],{"categories":1139},[117],{"categories":1141},[135],{"categories":1143},[52],{"categories":1145},[108],{"categories":1147},[114],{"categories":1149},[],{"categories":1151},[117],{"categories":1153},[117],{"categories":1155},[],{"categories":1157},[108],{"categories":1159},[114],{"categories":1161},[108],{"categories":1163},[108],{"categories":1165},[],{"categories":1167},[],{"categories":1169},[117],{"categories":1171},[117],{"categories":1173},[114],{"categories":1175},[114],{"categories":1177},[135],{"categories":1179},[159],{"categories":1181},[120],{"categories":1183},[135],{"categories":1185},[156],{"categories":1187},[],{"categories":1189},[135],{"categories":1191},[],{"categories":1193},[],{"categories":1195},[],{"categories":1197},[],{"categories":1199},[52],{"categories":1201},[159],{"categories":1203},[],{"categories":1205},[114],{"categories":1207},[114],{"categories":1209},[159],{"categories":1211},[52],{"categories":1213},[],{"categories":1215},[],{"categories":1217},[117],{"categories":1219},[135],{"categories":1221},[135],{"categories":1223},[117],{"categories":1225},[108],{"categories":1227},[114,427],{"categories":1229},[],{"categories":1231},[156],{"categories":1233},[108],{"categories":1235},[117],{"categories":1237},[156],{"categories":1239},[],{"categories":1241},[117],{"categories":1243},[117],{"categories":1245},[114],{"categories":1247},[172],{"categories":1249},[52],{"categories":1251},[156],{"categories":1253},[],{"categories":1255},[117],{"categories":1257},[114],{"categories":1259},[117],{"categories":1261},[117],{"categories":1263},[117],{"categories":1265},[172],{"categories":1267},[117],{"categories":1269},[114],{"categories":1271},[],{"categories":1273},[172],{"categories":1275},[135],{"categories":1277},[117],{"categories":1279},[],{"categories":1281},[],{"categories":1283},[114],{"categories":1285},[117],{"categories":1287},[135],{"categories":1289},[117],{"categories":1291},[],{"categories":1293},[],{"categories":1295},[],{"categories":1297},[117],{"categories":1299},[],{"categories":1301},[],{"categories":1303},[159],{"categories":1305},[114],{"categories":1307},[159],{"categories":1309},[135],{"categories":1311},[114],{"categories":1313},[114],{"categories":1315},[117],{"categories":1317},[114],{"categories":1319},[],{"categories":1321},[],{"categories":1323},[427],{"categories":1325},[],{"categories":1327},[],{"categories":1329},[108],{"categories":1331},[],{"categories":1333},[],{"categories":1335},[],{"categories":1337},[],{"categories":1339},[52],{"categories":1341},[135],{"categories":1343},[172],{"categories":1345},[111],{"categories":1347},[114],{"categories":1349},[114],{"categories":1351},[111],{"categories":1353},[],{"categories":1355},[156],{"categories":1357},[117],{"categories":1359},[111],{"categories":1361},[114],{"categories":1363},[114],{"categories":1365},[108],{"categories":1367},[],{"categories":1369},[108],{"categories":1371},[114],{"categories":1373},[172],{"categories":1375},[117],{"categories":1377},[135],{"categories":1379},[111],{"categories":1381},[114],{"categories":1383},[117],{"categories":1385},[],{"categories":1387},[114],{"categories":1389},[108],{"categories":1391},[114],{"categories":1393},[],{"categories":1395},[135],{"categories":1397},[114],{"categories":1399},[],{"categories":1401},[111],{"categories":1403},[114],{"categories":1405},[],{"categories":1407},[],{"categories":1409},[],{"categories":1411},[114],{"categories":1413},[],{"categories":1415},[427],{"categories":1417},[114],{"categories":1419},[],{"categories":1421},[114],{"categories":1423},[114],{"categories":1425},[114],{"categories":1427},[114,427],{"categories":1429},[114],{"categories":1431},[114],{"categories":1433},[156],{"categories":1435},[117],{"categories":1437},[],{"categories":1439},[117],{"categories":1441},[114],{"categories":1443},[114],{"categories":1445},[114],{"categories":1447},[108],{"categories":1449},[108],{"categories":1451},[52],{"categories":1453},[156],{"categories":1455},[117],{"categories":1457},[],{"categories":1459},[114],{"categories":1461},[135],{"categories":1463},[114],{"categories":1465},[111],{"categories":1467},[],{"categories":1469},[427],{"categories":1471},[156],{"categories":1473},[156],{"categories":1475},[117],{"categories":1477},[135],{"categories":1479},[117],{"categories":1481},[114],{"categories":1483},[],{"categories":1485},[114],{"categories":1487},[],{"categories":1489},[],{"categories":1491},[114],{"categories":1493},[114],{"categories":1495},[114],{"categories":1497},[117],{"categories":1499},[114],{"categories":1501},[],{"categories":1503},[159],{"categories":1505},[117],{"categories":1507},[],{"categories":1509},[114],{"categories":1511},[135],{"categories":1513},[],{"categories":1515},[156],{"categories":1517},[427],{"categories":1519},[135],{"categories":1521},[52],{"categories":1523},[52],{"categories":1525},[135],{"categories":1527},[135],{"categories":1529},[427],{"categories":1531},[],{"categories":1533},[135],{"categories":1535},[114],{"categories":1537},[108],{"categories":1539},[135],{"categories":1541},[],{"categories":1543},[159],{"categories":1545},[135],{"categories":1547},[52],{"categories":1549},[135],{"categories":1551},[427],{"categories":1553},[114],{"categories":1555},[114],{"categories":1557},[],{"categories":1559},[111],{"categories":1561},[],{"categories":1563},[],{"categories":1565},[114],{"categories":1567},[114],{"categories":1569},[114],{"categories":1571},[114],{"categories":1573},[],{"categories":1575},[159],{"categories":1577},[108],{"categories":1579},[],{"categories":1581},[114],{"categories":1583},[114],{"categories":1585},[427],{"categories":1587},[427],{"categories":1589},[],{"categories":1591},[117],{"categories":1593},[135],{"categories":1595},[135],{"categories":1597},[114],{"categories":1599},[117],{"categories":1601},[],{"categories":1603},[156],{"categories":1605},[114],{"categories":1607},[114],{"categories":1609},[],{"categories":1611},[],{"categories":1613},[427],{"categories":1615},[114],{"categories":1617},[52],{"categories":1619},[111],{"categories":1621},[114],{"categories":1623},[],{"categories":1625},[117],{"categories":1627},[108],{"categories":1629},[108],{"categories":1631},[],{"categories":1633},[114],{"categories":1635},[156],{"categories":1637},[117],{"categories":1639},[],{"categories":1641},[114],{"categories":1643},[114],{"categories":1645},[117],{"categories":1647},[],{"categories":1649},[117],{"categories":1651},[52],{"categories":1653},[],{"categories":1655},[114],{"categories":1657},[],{"categories":1659},[114],{"categories":1661},[],{"categories":1663},[114],{"categories":1665},[114],{"categories":1667},[],{"categories":1669},[114],{"categories":1671},[135],{"categories":1673},[114],{"categories":1675},[114],{"categories":1677},[108],{"categories":1679},[114],{"categories":1681},[135],{"categories":1683},[117],{"categories":1685},[],{"categories":1687},[114],{"categories":1689},[172],{"categories":1691},[],{"categories":1693},[],{"categories":1695},[],{"categories":1697},[108],{"categories":1699},[135],{"categories":1701},[117],{"categories":1703},[114],{"categories":1705},[156],{"categories":1707},[117],{"categories":1709},[],{"categories":1711},[117],{"categories":1713},[],{"categories":1715},[114],{"categories":1717},[117],{"categories":1719},[114],{"categories":1721},[],{"categories":1723},[114],{"categories":1725},[114],{"categories":1727},[135],{"categories":1729},[156],{"categories":1731},[117],{"categories":1733},[156],{"categories":1735},[111],{"categories":1737},[],{"categories":1739},[],{"categories":1741},[114],{"categories":1743},[108],{"categories":1745},[135],{"categories":1747},[],{"categories":1749},[],{"categories":1751},[52],{"categories":1753},[156],{"categories":1755},[],{"categories":1757},[114],{"categories":1759},[],{"categories":1761},[172],{"categories":1763},[114],{"categories":1765},[427],{"categories":1767},[52],{"categories":1769},[],{"categories":1771},[117],{"categories":1773},[114],{"categories":1775},[117],{"categories":1777},[117],{"categories":1779},[114],{"categories":1781},[],{"categories":1783},[108],{"categories":1785},[114],{"categories":1787},[111],{"categories":1789},[52],{"categories":1791},[156],{"categories":1793},[],{"categories":1795},[],{"categories":1797},[],{"categories":1799},[117],{"categories":1801},[156],{"categories":1803},[135],{"categories":1805},[114],{"categories":1807},[135],{"categories":1809},[156],{"categories":1811},[],{"categories":1813},[156],{"categories":1815},[135],{"categories":1817},[111],{"categories":1819},[114],{"categories":1821},[135],{"categories":1823},[172],{"categories":1825},[],{"categories":1827},[],{"categories":1829},[159],{"categories":1831},[114,52],{"categories":1833},[135],{"categories":1835},[114],{"categories":1837},[117],{"categories":1839},[117],{"categories":1841},[114],{"categories":1843},[],{"categories":1845},[52],{"categories":1847},[114],{"categories":1849},[159],{"categories":1851},[117],{"categories":1853},[172],{"categories":1855},[427],{"categories":1857},[],{"categories":1859},[108],{"categories":1861},[117],{"categories":1863},[117],{"categories":1865},[52],{"categories":1867},[114],{"categories":1869},[114],{"categories":1871},[],{"categories":1873},[],{"categories":1875},[],{"categories":1877},[427],{"categories":1879},[135],{"categories":1881},[114],{"categories":1883},[114],{"categories":1885},[114],{"categories":1887},[],{"categories":1889},[159],{"categories":1891},[111],{"categories":1893},[],{"categories":1895},[117],{"categories":1897},[427],{"categories":1899},[],{"categories":1901},[156],{"categories":1903},[156],{"categories":1905},[],{"categories":1907},[52],{"categories":1909},[156],{"categories":1911},[114],{"categories":1913},[],{"categories":1915},[135],{"categories":1917},[114],{"categories":1919},[156],{"categories":1921},[117],{"categories":1923},[135],{"categories":1925},[],{"categories":1927},[117],{"categories":1929},[156],{"categories":1931},[114],{"categories":1933},[],{"categories":1935},[114],{"categories":1937},[114],{"categories":1939},[427],{"categories":1941},[135],{"categories":1943},[159],{"categories":1945},[159],{"categories":1947},[],{"categories":1949},[],{"categories":1951},[],{"categories":1953},[117],{"categories":1955},[52],{"categories":1957},[52],{"categories":1959},[],{"categories":1961},[],{"categories":1963},[114],{"categories":1965},[],{"categories":1967},[117],{"categories":1969},[114],{"categories":1971},[],{"categories":1973},[114],{"categories":1975},[111],{"categories":1977},[114],{"categories":1979},[172],{"categories":1981},[117],{"categories":1983},[114],{"categories":1985},[52],{"categories":1987},[135],{"categories":1989},[117],{"categories":1991},[],{"categories":1993},[135],{"categories":1995},[117],{"categories":1997},[117],{"categories":1999},[],{"categories":2001},[111],{"categories":2003},[117],{"categories":2005},[],{"categories":2007},[114],{"categories":2009},[108],{"categories":2011},[135],{"categories":2013},[427],{"categories":2015},[117],{"categories":2017},[117],{"categories":2019},[108],{"categories":2021},[114],{"categories":2023},[],{"categories":2025},[],{"categories":2027},[156],{"categories":2029},[114,111],{"categories":2031},[],{"categories":2033},[108],{"categories":2035},[159],{"categories":2037},[114],{"categories":2039},[52],{"categories":2041},[114],{"categories":2043},[117],{"categories":2045},[114],{"categories":2047},[114],{"categories":2049},[135],{"categories":2051},[117],{"categories":2053},[],{"categories":2055},[],{"categories":2057},[117],{"categories":2059},[114],{"categories":2061},[427],{"categories":2063},[],{"categories":2065},[114],{"categories":2067},[117],{"categories":2069},[],{"categories":2071},[114],{"categories":2073},[172],{"categories":2075},[159],{"categories":2077},[117],{"categories":2079},[114],{"categories":2081},[427],{"categories":2083},[],{"categories":2085},[114],{"categories":2087},[172],{"categories":2089},[156],{"categories":2091},[114],{"categories":2093},[],{"categories":2095},[172],{"categories":2097},[135],{"categories":2099},[114],{"categories":2101},[114],{"categories":2103},[108],{"categories":2105},[],{"categories":2107},[],{"categories":2109},[156],{"categories":2111},[114],{"categories":2113},[159],{"categories":2115},[172],{"categories":2117},[172],{"categories":2119},[135],{"categories":2121},[],{"categories":2123},[],{"categories":2125},[114],{"categories":2127},[],{"categories":2129},[114,52],{"categories":2131},[135],{"categories":2133},[117],{"categories":2135},[52],{"categories":2137},[114],{"categories":2139},[108],{"categories":2141},[],{"categories":2143},[],{"categories":2145},[108],{"categories":2147},[172],{"categories":2149},[114],{"categories":2151},[],{"categories":2153},[156,114],{"categories":2155},[427],{"categories":2157},[108],{"categories":2159},[],{"categories":2161},[111],{"categories":2163},[111],{"categories":2165},[114],{"categories":2167},[52],{"categories":2169},[117],{"categories":2171},[135],{"categories":2173},[172],{"categories":2175},[156],{"categories":2177},[114],{"categories":2179},[114],{"categories":2181},[114],{"categories":2183},[108],{"categories":2185},[114],{"categories":2187},[117],{"categories":2189},[135],{"categories":2191},[],{"categories":2193},[],{"categories":2195},[159],{"categories":2197},[52],{"categories":2199},[114],{"categories":2201},[156],{"categories":2203},[159],{"categories":2205},[114],{"categories":2207},[114],{"categories":2209},[117],{"categories":2211},[117],{"categories":2213},[114,111],{"categories":2215},[],{"categories":2217},[156],{"categories":2219},[],{"categories":2221},[114],{"categories":2223},[135],{"categories":2225},[108],{"categories":2227},[108],{"categories":2229},[117],{"categories":2231},[114],{"categories":2233},[111],{"categories":2235},[52],{"categories":2237},[172],{"categories":2239},[],{"categories":2241},[135],{"categories":2243},[114],{"categories":2245},[114],{"categories":2247},[135],{"categories":2249},[52],{"categories":2251},[114],{"categories":2253},[117],{"categories":2255},[135],{"categories":2257},[114],{"categories":2259},[156],{"categories":2261},[114],{"categories":2263},[114],{"categories":2265},[427],{"categories":2267},[120],{"categories":2269},[117],{"categories":2271},[114],{"categories":2273},[135],{"categories":2275},[117],{"categories":2277},[172],{"categories":2279},[114],{"categories":2281},[],{"categories":2283},[114],{"categories":2285},[],{"categories":2287},[],{"categories":2289},[],{"categories":2291},[111],{"categories":2293},[114],{"categories":2295},[117],{"categories":2297},[135],{"categories":2299},[135],{"categories":2301},[135],{"categories":2303},[135],{"categories":2305},[],{"categories":2307},[108],{"categories":2309},[117],{"categories":2311},[135],{"categories":2313},[108],{"categories":2315},[117],{"categories":2317},[114],{"categories":2319},[114,117],{"categories":2321},[117],{"categories":2323},[427],{"categories":2325},[135],{"categories":2327},[135],{"categories":2329},[117],{"categories":2331},[114],{"categories":2333},[],{"categories":2335},[135],{"categories":2337},[172],{"categories":2339},[108],{"categories":2341},[114],{"categories":2343},[114],{"categories":2345},[],{"categories":2347},[52],{"categories":2349},[],{"categories":2351},[108],{"categories":2353},[117],{"categories":2355},[135],{"categories":2357},[114],{"categories":2359},[135],{"categories":2361},[108],{"categories":2363},[135],{"categories":2365},[135],{"categories":2367},[],{"categories":2369},[111],{"categories":2371},[117],{"categories":2373},[135],{"categories":2375},[135],{"categories":2377},[135],{"categories":2379},[135],{"categories":2381},[135],{"categories":2383},[135],{"categories":2385},[135],{"categories":2387},[135],{"categories":2389},[135],{"categories":2391},[135],{"categories":2393},[159],{"categories":2395},[108],{"categories":2397},[114],{"categories":2399},[114],{"categories":2401},[],{"categories":2403},[114,108],{"categories":2405},[],{"categories":2407},[117],{"categories":2409},[135],{"categories":2411},[117],{"categories":2413},[114],{"categories":2415},[114],{"categories":2417},[114],{"categories":2419},[114],{"categories":2421},[114],{"categories":2423},[117],{"categories":2425},[111],{"categories":2427},[156],{"categories":2429},[135],{"categories":2431},[114],{"categories":2433},[],{"categories":2435},[],{"categories":2437},[117],{"categories":2439},[156],{"categories":2441},[114],{"categories":2443},[],{"categories":2445},[],{"categories":2447},[172],{"categories":2449},[114],{"categories":2451},[],{"categories":2453},[],{"categories":2455},[108],{"categories":2457},[111],{"categories":2459},[114],{"categories":2461},[111],{"categories":2463},[156],{"categories":2465},[],{"categories":2467},[135],{"categories":2469},[],{"categories":2471},[156],{"categories":2473},[114],{"categories":2475},[172],{"categories":2477},[],{"categories":2479},[172],{"categories":2481},[],{"categories":2483},[],{"categories":2485},[117],{"categories":2487},[],{"categories":2489},[111],{"categories":2491},[108],{"categories":2493},[156],{"categories":2495},[52],{"categories":2497},[],{"categories":2499},[],{"categories":2501},[114],{"categories":2503},[108],{"categories":2505},[172],{"categories":2507},[],{"categories":2509},[117],{"categories":2511},[117],{"categories":2513},[135],{"categories":2515},[114],{"categories":2517},[117],{"categories":2519},[114],{"categories":2521},[117],{"categories":2523},[114],{"categories":2525},[120],{"categories":2527},[135],{"categories":2529},[],{"categories":2531},[172],{"categories":2533},[52],{"categories":2535},[117],{"categories":2537},[],{"categories":2539},[114],{"categories":2541},[117],{"categories":2543},[111],{"categories":2545},[108],{"categories":2547},[114],{"categories":2549},[156],{"categories":2551},[52],{"categories":2553},[52],{"categories":2555},[114],{"categories":2557},[159],{"categories":2559},[114],{"categories":2561},[117],{"categories":2563},[111],{"categories":2565},[117],{"categories":2567},[114],{"categories":2569},[114],{"categories":2571},[117],{"categories":2573},[135],{"categories":2575},[],{"categories":2577},[108],{"categories":2579},[114],{"categories":2581},[117],{"categories":2583},[114],{"categories":2585},[114],{"categories":2587},[],{"categories":2589},[156],{"categories":2591},[111],{"categories":2593},[135],{"categories":2595},[114],{"categories":2597},[114],{"categories":2599},[156],{"categories":2601},[172],{"categories":2603},[159],{"categories":2605},[114],{"categories":2607},[135],{"categories":2609},[114],{"categories":2611},[117],{"categories":2613},[427],{"categories":2615},[114],{"categories":2617},[117],{"categories":2619},[159],{"categories":2621},[],{"categories":2623},[117],{"categories":2625},[52],{"categories":2627},[156],{"categories":2629},[114],{"categories":2631},[108],{"categories":2633},[111],{"categories":2635},[52],{"categories":2637},[],{"categories":2639},[117],{"categories":2641},[114],{"categories":2643},[],{"categories":2645},[135],{"categories":2647},[],{"categories":2649},[135],{"categories":2651},[114],{"categories":2653},[117],{"categories":2655},[117],{"categories":2657},[117],{"categories":2659},[],{"categories":2661},[],{"categories":2663},[114],{"categories":2665},[114],{"categories":2667},[],{"categories":2669},[156],{"categories":2671},[117],{"categories":2673},[172],{"categories":2675},[108],{"categories":2677},[],{"categories":2679},[],{"categories":2681},[135],{"categories":2683},[52],{"categories":2685},[114],{"categories":2687},[114],{"categories":2689},[114],{"categories":2691},[52],{"categories":2693},[135],{"categories":2695},[156],{"categories":2697},[114],{"categories":2699},[114],{"categories":2701},[114],{"categories":2703},[135],{"categories":2705},[114],{"categories":2707},[135],{"categories":2709},[117],{"categories":2711},[117],{"categories":2713},[52],{"categories":2715},[117],{"categories":2717},[114],{"categories":2719},[52],{"categories":2721},[156],{"categories":2723},[],{"categories":2725},[117],{"categories":2727},[],{"categories":2729},[],{"categories":2731},[111],{"categories":2733},[114],{"categories":2735},[117],{"categories":2737},[108],{"categories":2739},[117],{"categories":2741},[172],{"categories":2743},[],{"categories":2745},[117],{"categories":2747},[],{"categories":2749},[108],{"categories":2751},[117],{"categories":2753},[],{"categories":2755},[117],{"categories":2757},[114],{"categories":2759},[135],{"categories":2761},[114],{"categories":2763},[117],{"categories":2765},[135],{"categories":2767},[117],{"categories":2769},[52],{"categories":2771},[156],{"categories":2773},[108],{"categories":2775},[],{"categories":2777},[117],{"categories":2779},[156],{"categories":2781},[135],{"categories":2783},[114],{"categories":2785},[156],{"categories":2787},[108],{"categories":2789},[],{"categories":2791},[117],{"categories":2793},[117],{"categories":2795},[114],{"categories":2797},[],{"categories":2799},[117],{"categories":2801},[120],{"categories":2803},[135],{"categories":2805},[117],{"categories":2807},[111],{"categories":2809},[],{"categories":2811},[114],{"categories":2813},[120],{"categories":2815},[114],{"categories":2817},[117],{"categories":2819},[135],{"categories":2821},[108],{"categories":2823},[427],{"categories":2825},[114],{"categories":2827},[114],{"categories":2829},[114],{"categories":2831},[135],{"categories":2833},[111],{"categories":2835},[114],{"categories":2837},[156],{"categories":2839},[135],{"categories":2841},[427],{"categories":2843},[114],{"categories":2845},[],{"categories":2847},[],{"categories":2849},[427],{"categories":2851},[159],{"categories":2853},[117],{"categories":2855},[117],{"categories":2857},[135],{"categories":2859},[114],{"categories":2861},[108],{"categories":2863},[156],{"categories":2865},[117],{"categories":2867},[114],{"categories":2869},[172],{"categories":2871},[114],{"categories":2873},[117],{"categories":2875},[],{"categories":2877},[114],{"categories":2879},[114],{"categories":2881},[135],{"categories":2883},[108],{"categories":2885},[],{"categories":2887},[114],{"categories":2889},[114],{"categories":2891},[52],{"categories":2893},[156],{"categories":2895},[114,117],{"categories":2897},[172,111],{"categories":2899},[114],{"categories":2901},[],{"categories":2903},[117],{"categories":2905},[],{"categories":2907},[52],{"categories":2909},[114],{"categories":2911},[135],{"categories":2913},[],{"categories":2915},[117],{"categories":2917},[],{"categories":2919},[117],{"categories":2921},[108],{"categories":2923},[117],{"categories":2925},[114],{"categories":2927},[427],{"categories":2929},[172],{"categories":2931},[111],{"categories":2933},[111],{"categories":2935},[108],{"categories":2937},[108],{"categories":2939},[114],{"categories":2941},[117],{"categories":2943},[114],{"categories":2945},[114],{"categories":2947},[108],{"categories":2949},[114],{"categories":2951},[172],{"categories":2953},[135],{"categories":2955},[114],{"categories":2957},[117],{"categories":2959},[114],{"categories":2961},[],{"categories":2963},[52],{"categories":2965},[],{"categories":2967},[117],{"categories":2969},[108],{"categories":2971},[],{"categories":2973},[427],{"categories":2975},[114],{"categories":2977},[],{"categories":2979},[135],{"categories":2981},[117],{"categories":2983},[52],{"categories":2985},[114],{"categories":2987},[117],{"categories":2989},[52],{"categories":2991},[117],{"categories":2993},[135],{"categories":2995},[108],{"categories":2997},[135],{"categories":2999},[52],{"categories":3001},[114],{"categories":3003},[156],{"categories":3005},[114],{"categories":3007},[114],{"categories":3009},[114],{"categories":3011},[114],{"categories":3013},[117],{"categories":3015},[114],{"categories":3017},[117],{"categories":3019},[114],{"categories":3021},[108],{"categories":3023},[114],{"categories":3025},[117],{"categories":3027},[156],{"categories":3029},[108],{"categories":3031},[117],{"categories":3033},[156],{"categories":3035},[],{"categories":3037},[114],{"categories":3039},[114],{"categories":3041},[52],{"categories":3043},[],{"categories":3045},[117],{"categories":3047},[172],{"categories":3049},[114],{"categories":3051},[135],{"categories":3053},[172],{"categories":3055},[117],{"categories":3057},[111],{"categories":3059},[111],{"categories":3061},[114],{"categories":3063},[108],{"categories":3065},[],{"categories":3067},[114],{"categories":3069},[],{"categories":3071},[108],{"categories":3073},[114],{"categories":3075},[117],{"categories":3077},[117],{"categories":3079},[],{"categories":3081},[52],{"categories":3083},[52],{"categories":3085},[172],{"categories":3087},[156],{"categories":3089},[],{"categories":3091},[114],{"categories":3093},[108],{"categories":3095},[114],{"categories":3097},[52],{"categories":3099},[108],{"categories":3101},[135],{"categories":3103},[135],{"categories":3105},[],{"categories":3107},[135],{"categories":3109},[117],{"categories":3111},[156],{"categories":3113},[159],{"categories":3115},[114],{"categories":3117},[],{"categories":3119},[135],{"categories":3121},[52],{"categories":3123},[111],{"categories":3125},[114],{"categories":3127},[108],{"categories":3129},[427],{"categories":3131},[108],{"categories":3133},[],{"categories":3135},[],{"categories":3137},[135],{"categories":3139},[],{"categories":3141},[117],{"categories":3143},[117],{"categories":3145},[117],{"categories":3147},[],{"categories":3149},[114],{"categories":3151},[],{"categories":3153},[135],{"categories":3155},[108],{"categories":3157},[156],{"categories":3159},[114],{"categories":3161},[135],{"categories":3163},[135],{"categories":3165},[],{"categories":3167},[135],{"categories":3169},[108],{"categories":3171},[114],{"categories":3173},[],{"categories":3175},[117],{"categories":3177},[117],{"categories":3179},[108],{"categories":3181},[],{"categories":3183},[],{"categories":3185},[],{"categories":3187},[156],{"categories":3189},[117],{"categories":3191},[114],{"categories":3193},[],{"categories":3195},[],{"categories":3197},[],{"categories":3199},[156],{"categories":3201},[],{"categories":3203},[108],{"categories":3205},[],{"categories":3207},[],{"categories":3209},[156],{"categories":3211},[114],{"categories":3213},[135],{"categories":3215},[],{"categories":3217},[172],{"categories":3219},[135],{"categories":3221},[172],{"categories":3223},[114],{"categories":3225},[],{"categories":3227},[],{"categories":3229},[117],{"categories":3231},[],{"categories":3233},[],{"categories":3235},[117],{"categories":3237},[114],{"categories":3239},[],{"categories":3241},[117],{"categories":3243},[135],{"categories":3245},[172],{"categories":3247},[159],{"categories":3249},[117],{"categories":3251},[117],{"categories":3253},[],{"categories":3255},[],{"categories":3257},[],{"categories":3259},[135],{"categories":3261},[],{"categories":3263},[],{"categories":3265},[156],{"categories":3267},[108],{"categories":3269},[],{"categories":3271},[111],{"categories":3273},[172],{"categories":3275},[114],{"categories":3277},[52],{"categories":3279},[108],{"categories":3281},[159],{"categories":3283},[111],{"categories":3285},[52],{"categories":3287},[],{"categories":3289},[],{"categories":3291},[117],{"categories":3293},[108],{"categories":3295},[156],{"categories":3297},[108],{"categories":3299},[117],{"categories":3301},[427],{"categories":3303},[117],{"categories":3305},[],{"categories":3307},[114],{"categories":3309},[135],{"categories":3311},[52],{"categories":3313},[],{"categories":3315},[156],{"categories":3317},[135],{"categories":3319},[108],{"categories":3321},[117],{"categories":3323},[114],{"categories":3325},[111],{"categories":3327},[117,427],{"categories":3329},[117],{"categories":3331},[52],{"categories":3333},[114],{"categories":3335},[159],{"categories":3337},[172],{"categories":3339},[117],{"categories":3341},[],{"categories":3343},[117],{"categories":3345},[114],{"categories":3347},[111],{"categories":3349},[],{"categories":3351},[],{"categories":3353},[114],{"categories":3355},[159],{"categories":3357},[114],{"categories":3359},[],{"categories":3361},[135],{"categories":3363},[],{"categories":3365},[135],{"categories":3367},[52],{"categories":3369},[117],{"categories":3371},[114],{"categories":3373},[172],{"categories":3375},[52],{"categories":3377},[],{"categories":3379},[135],{"categories":3381},[114],{"categories":3383},[],{"categories":3385},[114],{"categories":3387},[117],{"categories":3389},[114],{"categories":3391},[117],{"categories":3393},[114],{"categories":3395},[114],{"categories":3397},[114],{"categories":3399},[114],{"categories":3401},[111],{"categories":3403},[],{"categories":3405},[120],{"categories":3407},[135],{"categories":3409},[114],{"categories":3411},[],{"categories":3413},[52],{"categories":3415},[114],{"categories":3417},[114],{"categories":3419},[117],{"categories":3421},[135],{"categories":3423},[114],{"categories":3425},[114],{"categories":3427},[111],{"categories":3429},[117],{"categories":3431},[156],{"categories":3433},[],{"categories":3435},[159],{"categories":3437},[114],{"categories":3439},[],{"categories":3441},[135],{"categories":3443},[172],{"categories":3445},[],{"categories":3447},[],{"categories":3449},[135],{"categories":3451},[135],{"categories":3453},[172],{"categories":3455},[108],{"categories":3457},[117],{"categories":3459},[117],{"categories":3461},[114],{"categories":3463},[111],{"categories":3465},[],{"categories":3467},[],{"categories":3469},[135],{"categories":3471},[159],{"categories":3473},[52],{"categories":3475},[117],{"categories":3477},[156],{"categories":3479},[159],{"categories":3481},[159],{"categories":3483},[],{"categories":3485},[135],{"categories":3487},[114],{"categories":3489},[114],{"categories":3491},[52],{"categories":3493},[],{"categories":3495},[135],{"categories":3497},[135],{"categories":3499},[135],{"categories":3501},[],{"categories":3503},[117],{"categories":3505},[114],{"categories":3507},[],{"categories":3509},[108],{"categories":3511},[111],{"categories":3513},[],{"categories":3515},[114],{"categories":3517},[114],{"categories":3519},[],{"categories":3521},[52],{"categories":3523},[],{"categories":3525},[],{"categories":3527},[],{"categories":3529},[],{"categories":3531},[114],{"categories":3533},[135],{"categories":3535},[],{"categories":3537},[],{"categories":3539},[114],{"categories":3541},[114],{"categories":3543},[114],{"categories":3545},[159],{"categories":3547},[114],{"categories":3549},[159],{"categories":3551},[],{"categories":3553},[159],{"categories":3555},[159],{"categories":3557},[427],{"categories":3559},[117],{"categories":3561},[52],{"categories":3563},[],{"categories":3565},[],{"categories":3567},[159],{"categories":3569},[52],{"categories":3571},[52],{"categories":3573},[52],{"categories":3575},[],{"categories":3577},[108],{"categories":3579},[52],{"categories":3581},[52],{"categories":3583},[108],{"categories":3585},[52],{"categories":3587},[111],{"categories":3589},[52],{"categories":3591},[52],{"categories":3593},[52],{"categories":3595},[159],{"categories":3597},[135],{"categories":3599},[135],{"categories":3601},[114],{"categories":3603},[52],{"categories":3605},[159],{"categories":3607},[427],{"categories":3609},[159],{"categories":3611},[159],{"categories":3613},[159],{"categories":3615},[],{"categories":3617},[111],{"categories":3619},[],{"categories":3621},[427],{"categories":3623},[52],{"categories":3625},[52],{"categories":3627},[52],{"categories":3629},[117],{"categories":3631},[135,111],{"categories":3633},[159],{"categories":3635},[],{"categories":3637},[],{"categories":3639},[159],{"categories":3641},[],{"categories":3643},[159],{"categories":3645},[135],{"categories":3647},[117],{"categories":3649},[],{"categories":3651},[52],{"categories":3653},[114],{"categories":3655},[156],{"categories":3657},[],{"categories":3659},[114],{"categories":3661},[],{"categories":3663},[135],{"categories":3665},[108],{"categories":3667},[159],{"categories":3669},[],{"categories":3671},[52],{"categories":3673},[135],[3675,3934,4126,4883],{"id":3676,"title":3677,"ai":3678,"body":3683,"categories":3899,"created_at":53,"date_modified":53,"description":45,"extension":54,"faq":53,"featured":55,"kicker_label":53,"meta":3900,"navigation":88,"path":3922,"published_at":53,"question":53,"scraped_at":3923,"seo":3924,"sitemap":3925,"source_id":3926,"source_name":94,"source_type":95,"source_url":3927,"stem":3928,"tags":3929,"thumbnail_url":53,"tldr":3931,"tweet":53,"unknown_tags":3932,"__hash__":3933},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F3725c816780244cb-core-web-vitals-lcp-2-5s-inp-200ms-cls-0-1-at-75th-summary.md","Core Web Vitals: LCP ≤2.5s, INP ≤200ms, CLS ≤0.1 at 75th Percentile",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":3679,"output_tokens":3680,"processing_time_ms":3681,"cost_usd":3682},6791,1617,9237,0.00214405,{"type":14,"value":3684,"toc":3894},[3685,3689,3692,3695,3699,3702,3706,3724,3887,3890],[17,3686,3688],{"id":3687},"prioritize-these-three-metrics-for-user-experience","Prioritize These Three Metrics for User Experience",[22,3690,3691],{},"Core Web Vitals simplify performance measurement by focusing on loading (Largest Contentful Paint or LCP), interactivity (Interaction to Next Paint or INP), and visual stability (Cumulative Layout Shift or CLS). Hit LCP within 2.5 seconds of page load start to avoid frustrating waits during content rendering. Keep INP at 200 milliseconds or less so interactions like clicks respond instantly without delays from long tasks. Maintain CLS at 0.1 or below to prevent unexpected layout shifts that disrupt reading or tapping. Assess success at the 75th percentile of real-user page loads, segmented by mobile and desktop, ensuring 75% of users meet thresholds—a page passes if all three metrics comply.",[22,3693,3694],{},"These field-measurable, user-centric outcomes outperform lab proxies because they capture device, network, and interaction variances. Supporting metrics like TTFB, FCP, and TBT diagnose issues (e.g., slow servers for LCP, render-blocking resources for FCP) but aren't Core Vitals since they're not always field-based or outcome-focused.",[17,3696,3698],{"id":3697},"track-metrics-through-experimental-to-stable-lifecycle","Track Metrics Through Experimental-to-Stable Lifecycle",[22,3700,3701],{},"New metrics start experimental to iterate definitions and gather feedback—INP replaced FID here after addressing runtime gaps. They advance to pending for 6+ months of ecosystem adaptation, then stabilize as Core Vitals with ≤1 annual change, announced via docs and changelog. Current status: LCP, INP, CLS all stable. This predictability lets you adopt confidently without constant retooling.",[17,3703,3705],{"id":3704},"instrument-and-optimize-with-proven-tools","Instrument and Optimize with Proven Tools",[22,3707,3708,3709,3712,3713,3712,3716,3719,3720,3723],{},"Use Chrome User Experience Report (CrUX) for anonymized real-user data powering PageSpeed Insights, Search Console Core Web Vitals report, and DevTools—supports all three metrics without setup. For per-page diagnostics, instrument your own monitoring: import web-vitals library and send metrics via ",[26,3710,3711],{},"onLCP",", ",[26,3714,3715],{},"onINP",[26,3717,3718],{},"onCLS"," to analytics, using ",[26,3721,3722],{},"navigator.sendBeacon"," for reliability:",[3725,3726,3730],"pre",{"className":3727,"code":3728,"language":3729,"meta":45,"style":45},"language-js shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","import {onCLS, onINP, onLCP} from 'web-vitals';\n\nfunction sendToAnalytics(metric) {\n  const body = JSON.stringify(metric);\n  (navigator.sendBeacon && navigator.sendBeacon('\u002Fanalytics', body))\n    || fetch('\u002Fanalytics', {body, method: 'POST', keepalive: true});\n}\n\nonCLS(sendToAnalytics);\nonINP(sendToAnalytics);\nonLCP(sendToAnalytics);\n","js",[26,3731,3732,3755,3760,3779,3803,3826,3854,3860,3865,3873,3880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[3733,3734,3737,3741,3745,3748,3752],"span",{"class":3735,"line":3736},"line",1,[3733,3738,3740],{"class":3739},"szBVR","import",[3733,3742,3744],{"class":3743},"sVt8B"," {onCLS, onINP, onLCP} ",[3733,3746,3747],{"class":3739},"from",[3733,3749,3751],{"class":3750},"sZZnC"," 'web-vitals'",[3733,3753,3754],{"class":3743},";\n",[3733,3756,3757],{"class":3735,"line":46},[3733,3758,3759],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":88},"\n",[3733,3761,3762,3765,3769,3772,3776],{"class":3735,"line":85},[3733,3763,3764],{"class":3739},"function",[3733,3766,3768],{"class":3767},"sScJk"," sendToAnalytics",[3733,3770,3771],{"class":3743},"(",[3733,3773,3775],{"class":3774},"s4XuR","metric",[3733,3777,3778],{"class":3743},") {\n",[3733,3780,3781,3784,3788,3791,3794,3797,3800],{"class":3735,"line":84},[3733,3782,3783],{"class":3739},"  const",[3733,3785,3787],{"class":3786},"sj4cs"," body",[3733,3789,3790],{"class":3739}," =",[3733,3792,3793],{"class":3786}," JSON",[3733,3795,3796],{"class":3743},".",[3733,3798,3799],{"class":3767},"stringify",[3733,3801,3802],{"class":3743},"(metric);\n",[3733,3804,3806,3809,3812,3815,3818,3820,3823],{"class":3735,"line":3805},5,[3733,3807,3808],{"class":3743},"  (navigator.sendBeacon ",[3733,3810,3811],{"class":3739},"&&",[3733,3813,3814],{"class":3743}," navigator.",[3733,3816,3817],{"class":3767},"sendBeacon",[3733,3819,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,3821,3822],{"class":3750},"'\u002Fanalytics'",[3733,3824,3825],{"class":3743},", body))\n",[3733,3827,3829,3832,3835,3837,3839,3842,3845,3848,3851],{"class":3735,"line":3828},6,[3733,3830,3831],{"class":3739},"    ||",[3733,3833,3834],{"class":3767}," fetch",[3733,3836,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,3838,3822],{"class":3750},[3733,3840,3841],{"class":3743},", {body, method: ",[3733,3843,3844],{"class":3750},"'POST'",[3733,3846,3847],{"class":3743},", keepalive: ",[3733,3849,3850],{"class":3786},"true",[3733,3852,3853],{"class":3743},"});\n",[3733,3855,3857],{"class":3735,"line":3856},7,[3733,3858,3859],{"class":3743},"}\n",[3733,3861,3863],{"class":3735,"line":3862},8,[3733,3864,3759],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":88},[3733,3866,3868,3870],{"class":3735,"line":3867},9,[3733,3869,3718],{"class":3767},[3733,3871,3872],{"class":3743},"(sendToAnalytics);\n",[3733,3874,3876,3878],{"class":3735,"line":3875},10,[3733,3877,3715],{"class":3767},[3733,3879,3872],{"class":3743},[3733,3881,3883,3885],{"class":3735,"line":3882},11,[3733,3884,3711],{"class":3767},[3733,3886,3872],{"class":3743},[22,3888,3889],{},"Aggregate to check 75th percentile thresholds. Lab-test with DevTools (all metrics) or Lighthouse (LCP\u002FCLS; use TBT for INP proxy) during dev to catch regressions pre-release, but prioritize field data for production truth. Optimize via targeted guides: reduce LCP with faster servers\u002Fresources, INP by breaking long tasks, CLS by reserving ad\u002Ffont space—Chrome's top picks yield biggest gains.",[3891,3892,3893],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":46,"depth":46,"links":3895},[3896,3897,3898],{"id":3687,"depth":46,"text":3688},{"id":3697,"depth":46,"text":3698},{"id":3704,"depth":46,"text":3705},[156],{"content_references":3901,"triage":3919},[3902,3906,3910,3913,3916],{"type":59,"title":3903,"url":3904,"context":3905},"web-vitals","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FGoogleChrome\u002Fweb-vitals","recommended",{"type":3907,"title":3908,"url":3909,"context":62},"dataset","Chrome User Experience Report","https:\u002F\u002Fdeveloper.chrome.com\u002Fdocs\u002Fcrux",{"type":59,"title":3911,"url":3912,"context":62},"PageSpeed Insights","https:\u002F\u002Fpagespeed.web.dev",{"type":59,"title":3914,"url":3915,"context":62},"Chrome DevTools","https:\u002F\u002Fdeveloper.chrome.com\u002Fdocs\u002Fdevtools",{"type":59,"title":3917,"url":3918,"context":62},"Lighthouse","https:\u002F\u002Fdeveloper.chrome.com\u002Fdocs\u002Flighthouse\u002Foverview",{"relevance":3805,"novelty":85,"quality":84,"actionability":84,"composite":3920,"reasoning":3921},4.15,"Category: Design & Frontend. The article provides specific metrics (LCP, INP, CLS) that are crucial for optimizing user experience in web performance, directly addressing the pain points of the Design Technologist persona. It offers actionable steps for measuring and optimizing these metrics using tools like the web-vitals JS library, making it highly relevant and practical.","\u002Fsummaries\u002F3725c816780244cb-core-web-vitals-lcp-2-5s-inp-200ms-cls-0-1-at-75th-summary","2026-04-16 03:09:10",{"title":3677,"description":45},{"loc":3922},"3725c816780244cb","https:\u002F\u002Fweb.dev\u002Fvitals\u002F","summaries\u002F3725c816780244cb-core-web-vitals-lcp-2-5s-inp-200ms-cls-0-1-at-75th-summary",[3930,99,100],"web-performance","Target LCP under 2.5s, INP under 200ms, and CLS under 0.1 at the 75th percentile of page loads across devices to deliver great loading, interactivity, and visual stability—measure with web-vitals JS library and Google field tools like CrUX.",[100],"UZGGEZhN2g4ci8b1s1HMnu_6C8Cnv5aVYjwQ9VzE-5Y",{"id":3935,"title":3936,"ai":3937,"body":3942,"categories":4100,"created_at":53,"date_modified":53,"description":45,"extension":54,"faq":53,"featured":55,"kicker_label":53,"meta":4101,"navigation":88,"path":4112,"published_at":4113,"question":53,"scraped_at":4113,"seo":4114,"sitemap":4115,"source_id":4116,"source_name":4117,"source_type":95,"source_url":4118,"stem":4119,"tags":4120,"thumbnail_url":53,"tldr":4123,"tweet":53,"unknown_tags":4124,"__hash__":4125},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F30372d0c027f8fcc-build-reactive-multi-page-web-apps-with-nicegui-in-summary.md","Build Reactive Multi-Page Web Apps with NiceGUI in Python",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":3938,"output_tokens":3939,"processing_time_ms":3940,"cost_usd":3941},9379,2110,28918,0.0029083,{"type":14,"value":3943,"toc":4094},[3944,3948,3955,3974,3985,3989,4008,4027,4031,4038,4041,4064,4071,4075],[17,3945,3947],{"id":3946},"centralize-state-and-layout-for-scalable-multi-page-apps","Centralize State and Layout for Scalable Multi-Page Apps",[22,3949,3950,3951,3954],{},"Define a shared ",[26,3952,3953],{},"State"," class to hold app data like todos (initially 3 items with id, task, done, priority), metrics (users:1247, revenue:8420, orders:53), series for charts (20 random values 20-80), and messages. Access it globally across pages for reactivity.",[22,3956,3957,3958,3961,3962,3965,3966,3969,3970,3973],{},"Use ",[26,3959,3960],{},"page_shell(active)"," to create reusable layouts: left drawer with buttons for pages (\u002Fdashboard, \u002Ftodos, \u002Fform, \u002Fupload, \u002Fchat) that call ",[26,3963,3964],{},"ui.navigate.to(path)","; header with menu toggle, title, dark mode button (",[26,3967,3968],{},"ui.dark_mode().toggle","); footer. Active nav item gets ",[26,3971,3972],{},"bg-primary text-white",". This ensures consistent navigation and theming without repetition.",[22,3975,3976,3977,3980,3981,3984],{},"Decorate pages with ",[26,3978,3979],{},"@ui.page('\u002Fpath')"," for routing. Bind UI to state with ",[26,3982,3983],{},".bind_text_from(state.metrics, 'key', backward=lambda v: f'{v:,}')"," for auto-updates on metric cards (users\u002Frevenue\u002Forders with icons, colors: primary\u002Fpositive\u002Fwarning).",[17,3986,3988],{"id":3987},"drive-real-time-updates-with-timers-and-bindings","Drive Real-Time Updates with Timers and Bindings",[22,3990,3991,3992,3995,3996,3999,4000,4003,4004,4007],{},"For dashboards, use ",[26,3993,3994],{},"ui.echart"," with ECharts config: category xAxis (0 to len(series)-1), value yAxis, smooth line series with areaStyle. Update via ",[26,3997,3998],{},"ui.timer(1.0, tick)",": append\u002Fpop random value (20-80) to series, set ",[26,4001,4002],{},"chart.options['series'][0]['data'] = list(state.series)",", call ",[26,4005,4006],{},"chart.update()",". Also increment metrics: users += randint(-2,4), revenue += (-100,200), orders max(0, +(-1,3)). Cards reactively show formatted numbers.",[22,4009,4010,4011,4014,4015,4018,4019,4022,4023,4026],{},"Apply ",[26,4012,4013],{},"@ui.refreshable"," to functions like ",[26,4016,4017],{},"todo_list()"," or ",[26,4020,4021],{},"chat_log()",": re-run on ",[26,4024,4025],{},".refresh()"," after state changes (add\u002Fremove todo, send message). This keeps lists dynamic without full page reloads.",[17,4028,4030],{"id":4029},"handle-crud-forms-uploads-and-async-flows-interactively","Handle CRUD, Forms, Uploads, and Async Flows Interactively",[22,4032,4033,4034,4037],{},"Todos: Input + select (Low\u002FMedium\u002FHigh), add on button\u002FEnter if non-empty (notify warning else), append {'id': next_id, task, done=False, priority}, increment next_id (starts at 4), refresh list. List shows checkbox (updates todo",[3733,4035,4036],{},"'done'","), strikethrough label if done, color badge (High:red, Medium:orange, Low:green), delete button (remove from list, notify).",[22,4039,4040],{},"Forms: Inputs with validation (name required, email '@' check), number(18,min0,max120), inline radio(Free\u002FPro\u002FEnterprise), checkbox. Async submit checks all, shows dialog with values if valid (notify negative else).",[22,4042,4043,4044,4047,4048,4051,4052,4055,4056,4059,4060,4063],{},"Uploads: ",[26,4045,4046],{},"ui.upload(multiple=True, auto_upload=True)",", on_upload read ",[26,4049,4050],{},"e.content",", show card with name\u002Fsize\u002Ftype; for images, base64 ",[26,4053,4054],{},"data:{type};base64,{b64}"," preview (w-64); text: decode",[3733,4057,4058],{},":500"," in ",[26,4061,4062],{},"ui.code","; notify.",[22,4065,4066,4067,4070],{},"Chat: ",[26,4068,4069],{},"ui.chat_message(text, name='You\u002FBot', sent=role=='user', stamp='%H:%M')"," in refreshable log. Async send: append user msg, clear input, refresh, sleep(1), append echo reply (len(text) chars), refresh. Supports Enter\u002Fsend button.",[17,4072,4074],{"id":4073},"run-in-colab-with-background-threading-and-dynamic-ports","Run in Colab with Background Threading and Dynamic Ports",[22,4076,4077,4078,4081,4082,4085,4086,4089,4090,4093],{},"Pick free port: ",[26,4079,4080],{},"socket.bind(('',0))",", get ",[26,4083,4084],{},"getsockname()[1]",". Run ",[26,4087,4088],{},"ui.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=PORT, reload=False, show=False, title='NiceGUI Tutorial')"," in daemon thread. Sleep 4s, then ",[26,4091,4092],{},"output.serve_kernel_port_as_iframe(PORT, height='850')"," and proxy URL. Fallback: localhost:PORT. Enables notebook prototyping without blocking.",{"title":45,"searchDepth":46,"depth":46,"links":4095},[4096,4097,4098,4099],{"id":3946,"depth":46,"text":3947},{"id":3987,"depth":46,"text":3988},{"id":4029,"depth":46,"text":4030},{"id":4073,"depth":46,"text":4074},[52],{"content_references":4102,"triage":4109},[4103,4106],{"type":59,"title":4104,"url":4105,"context":62},"NiceGUI","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fzauberzeug\u002Fnicegui",{"type":67,"title":4107,"url":4108,"context":3905},"nicegui_full_app_tutorial_Marktechpost.ipynb","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002FMarktechpost\u002FAI-Agents-Projects-Tutorials\u002Fblob\u002Fmain\u002FAgentic%20Workflows\u002Fnicegui_full_app_tutorial_Marktechpost.ipynb",{"relevance":85,"novelty":46,"quality":84,"actionability":84,"composite":4110,"reasoning":4111},3.25,"Category: Design & Frontend. The article provides a practical guide on building multi-page web applications using NiceGUI, which is relevant for developers interested in frontend frameworks. It includes specific examples of state management and UI updates, making it actionable for the audience.","\u002Fsummaries\u002F30372d0c027f8fcc-build-reactive-multi-page-web-apps-with-nicegui-in-summary","2026-05-06 16:14:10",{"title":3936,"description":45},{"loc":4112},"30372d0c027f8fcc","MarkTechPost","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.marktechpost.com\u002F2026\u002F05\u002F06\u002Fhow-to-build-a-fully-interactive-multi-page-nicegui-application-with-real-time-dashboard-crud-operations-file-upload-and-async-chat\u002F","summaries\u002F30372d0c027f8fcc-build-reactive-multi-page-web-apps-with-nicegui-in-summary",[4121,99,4122,100],"python","ui-ux","NiceGUI lets you create full web apps with shared state, routing, real-time charts, CRUD todos, validated forms, file uploads, and async chat using pure Python—no JS or HTML needed.",[100],"8vTemFKy9Q0NKF6ELN8eFnvvvXXeIpj_IhOekWEdH3U",{"id":4127,"title":4128,"ai":4129,"body":4134,"categories":4843,"created_at":53,"date_modified":53,"description":45,"extension":54,"faq":53,"featured":55,"kicker_label":53,"meta":4844,"navigation":88,"path":4868,"published_at":4869,"question":53,"scraped_at":4870,"seo":4871,"sitemap":4872,"source_id":4873,"source_name":4874,"source_type":95,"source_url":4875,"stem":4876,"tags":4877,"thumbnail_url":53,"tldr":4880,"tweet":53,"unknown_tags":4881,"__hash__":4882},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F39ca315f074bb0ad-local-first-web-apps-client-dbs-sync-conflicts-summary.md","Local-First Web Apps: Client DBs, Sync, Conflicts",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":4130,"output_tokens":4131,"processing_time_ms":4132,"cost_usd":4133},8988,2749,29573,0.00314945,{"type":14,"value":4135,"toc":4835},[4136,4140,4143,4146,4152,4156,4159,4162,4167,4170,4174,4177,4180,4357,4360,4363,4419,4422,4426,4429,4436,4555,4558,4564,4570,4573,4577,4585,4771,4774,4777,4786,4789,4794,4798,4827,4832],[17,4137,4139],{"id":4138},"local-first-as-distributed-data-ownership-not-just-offline","Local-First as Distributed Data Ownership, Not Just Offline",[22,4141,4142],{},"Local-first treats the client as a full node in a distributed system with its own database, enabling instant reads\u002Fwrites and background sync. Unlike offline-first (server as truth) or PWAs (delivery mechanism), data lives primarily on the device. The author shifted after a demo failure on bad Wi-Fi, realizing traditional stacks (React\u002FNode\u002FPostgres\u002FGraphQL) force round-trips. Inspired by Ink & Switch's 2019 paper, which outlined ideals like fast\u002Fmulti-device\u002Foffline\u002Fcollaboration\u002Flongevity\u002Fprivacy\u002Fownership, now practical in 2026 with mature tools.",[22,4144,4145],{},"Key mental model: Git for app data. Clients hold replicas; writes commit locally; sync is push\u002Fpull. No React Query\u002FSWR needed—local DB is state. UI renders from DB directly, eliminating spinners\u002Foptimistic updates.",[4147,4148,4149],"blockquote",{},[22,4150,4151],{},"\"The client is not a thin view requesting permission to show data. The client is a node in a distributed system with its own database.\" (Core distinction from paper, reshaping stack from request\u002Fresponse to local-first.)",[17,4153,4155],{"id":4154},"skip-local-first-for-server-generated-data-or-strict-consistency","Skip Local-First for Server-Generated Data or Strict Consistency",[22,4157,4158],{},"Don't force it: Wrong for server-produced data (analytics, feeds, search) where client consumes, not owns. Avoid in strong consistency needs (banking\u002Finventory) due to eventual consistency risks—ACID servers win. Overkill for simple CRUD\u002Foffice apps; impractical for huge datasets.",[22,4160,4161],{},"Shines for user-generated data: notes\u002Fdocs\u002Fproject mgmt\u002Ffield apps\u002Fprivacy-focused\u002Fcollab tools. Start small—hybrid: local-first for offline drafts or collab notes in traditional apps. Author ripped it from two projects, wasted 6 weeks on analytics dashboard.",[4147,4163,4164],{},[22,4165,4166],{},"\"The data is generated on the server. There’s nothing to replicate to the client. What are you doing?\" (Colleague's pull-aside, highlighting misapplication to non-replicable data.)",[22,4168,4169],{},"Spectrum exists: Begin with one feature to test fit without full rewrite.",[17,4171,4173],{"id":4172},"client-storage-sqlite-wasmopfs-over-indexeddb","Client Storage: SQLite WASM\u002FOPFS Over IndexedDB",[22,4175,4176],{},"Ditch localStorage (sync, tiny, strings-only). IndexedDB: async, big, but miserable API—no SQL.",[22,4178,4179],{},"2026 winner: SQLite via WASM + OPFS for real relational DB (queries\u002Ftransactions\u002Findexes). OPFS provides sandboxed sync file access in Workers. Init example with wa-sqlite:",[3725,4181,4185],{"className":4182,"code":4183,"language":4184,"meta":45,"style":45},"language-javascript shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","import { SQLiteAPI } from 'wa-sqlite';\nimport { OPFSCoopSyncVFS } from 'wa-sqlite\u002Fsrc\u002Fexamples\u002FOPFSCoopSyncVFS.js';\n\nasync function initDatabase() {\n  const module = await SQLiteAPI.initialize();\n  const vfs = new OPFSCoopSyncVFS('pm-tool-db');\n  await vfs.initialize(module);\n  const db = await module.open_v2('workspace.db');\n  await module.exec(db, `PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL`);\n  \u002F\u002F Schema for tasks table...\n  return db;\n}\n","javascript",[26,4186,4187,4201,4215,4219,4233,4254,4277,4294,4319,4338,4344,4352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[3733,4188,4189,4191,4194,4196,4199],{"class":3735,"line":3736},[3733,4190,3740],{"class":3739},[3733,4192,4193],{"class":3743}," { SQLiteAPI } ",[3733,4195,3747],{"class":3739},[3733,4197,4198],{"class":3750}," 'wa-sqlite'",[3733,4200,3754],{"class":3743},[3733,4202,4203,4205,4208,4210,4213],{"class":3735,"line":46},[3733,4204,3740],{"class":3739},[3733,4206,4207],{"class":3743}," { OPFSCoopSyncVFS } ",[3733,4209,3747],{"class":3739},[3733,4211,4212],{"class":3750}," 'wa-sqlite\u002Fsrc\u002Fexamples\u002FOPFSCoopSyncVFS.js'",[3733,4214,3754],{"class":3743},[3733,4216,4217],{"class":3735,"line":85},[3733,4218,3759],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":88},[3733,4220,4221,4224,4227,4230],{"class":3735,"line":84},[3733,4222,4223],{"class":3739},"async",[3733,4225,4226],{"class":3739}," function",[3733,4228,4229],{"class":3767}," initDatabase",[3733,4231,4232],{"class":3743},"() {\n",[3733,4234,4235,4237,4240,4242,4245,4248,4251],{"class":3735,"line":3805},[3733,4236,3783],{"class":3739},[3733,4238,4239],{"class":3786}," module",[3733,4241,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4243,4244],{"class":3739}," await",[3733,4246,4247],{"class":3743}," SQLiteAPI.",[3733,4249,4250],{"class":3767},"initialize",[3733,4252,4253],{"class":3743},"();\n",[3733,4255,4256,4258,4261,4263,4266,4269,4271,4274],{"class":3735,"line":3828},[3733,4257,3783],{"class":3739},[3733,4259,4260],{"class":3786}," vfs",[3733,4262,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4264,4265],{"class":3739}," new",[3733,4267,4268],{"class":3767}," OPFSCoopSyncVFS",[3733,4270,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4272,4273],{"class":3750},"'pm-tool-db'",[3733,4275,4276],{"class":3743},");\n",[3733,4278,4279,4282,4285,4287,4289,4292],{"class":3735,"line":3856},[3733,4280,4281],{"class":3739},"  await",[3733,4283,4284],{"class":3743}," vfs.",[3733,4286,4250],{"class":3767},[3733,4288,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4290,4291],{"class":3786},"module",[3733,4293,4276],{"class":3743},[3733,4295,4296,4298,4301,4303,4305,4307,4309,4312,4314,4317],{"class":3735,"line":3862},[3733,4297,3783],{"class":3739},[3733,4299,4300],{"class":3786}," db",[3733,4302,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4304,4244],{"class":3739},[3733,4306,4239],{"class":3786},[3733,4308,3796],{"class":3743},[3733,4310,4311],{"class":3767},"open_v2",[3733,4313,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4315,4316],{"class":3750},"'workspace.db'",[3733,4318,4276],{"class":3743},[3733,4320,4321,4323,4325,4327,4330,4333,4336],{"class":3735,"line":3867},[3733,4322,4281],{"class":3739},[3733,4324,4239],{"class":3786},[3733,4326,3796],{"class":3743},[3733,4328,4329],{"class":3767},"exec",[3733,4331,4332],{"class":3743},"(db, ",[3733,4334,4335],{"class":3750},"`PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL`",[3733,4337,4276],{"class":3743},[3733,4339,4340],{"class":3735,"line":3875},[3733,4341,4343],{"class":4342},"sJ8bj","  \u002F\u002F Schema for tasks table...\n",[3733,4345,4346,4349],{"class":3735,"line":3882},[3733,4347,4348],{"class":3739},"  return",[3733,4350,4351],{"class":3743}," db;\n",[3733,4353,4355],{"class":3735,"line":4354},12,[3733,4356,3859],{"class":3743},[22,4358,4359],{},"Wrap writes in queue (Safari concurrency issues). Log failed SQL to Sentry. Safari OPFS quirks (silent fails in iframes)—fallback to IndexedDB. Bundle +400KB.",[22,4361,4362],{},"Alternatives:",[4364,4365,4366,4382],"table",{},[4367,4368,4369],"thead",{},[4370,4371,4372,4376,4379],"tr",{},[4373,4374,4375],"th",{},"Storage",[4373,4377,4378],{},"Good For",[4373,4380,4381],{},"Watch Out",[4383,4384,4385,4397,4408],"tbody",{},[4370,4386,4387,4391,4394],{},[4388,4389,4390],"td",{},"IndexedDB",[4388,4392,4393],{},"Compatibility, moderate data",[4388,4395,4396],{},"No SQL, verbose",[4370,4398,4399,4402,4405],{},[4388,4400,4401],{},"OPFS + SQLite WASM",[4388,4403,4404],{},"Relations\u002Fqueries",[4388,4406,4407],{},"Safari bugs, bundle size",[4370,4409,4410,4413,4416],{},[4388,4411,4412],{},"PGlite",[4388,4414,4415],{},"Postgres compat",[4388,4417,4418],{},"Maturing, larger",[22,4420,4421],{},"Tried cr-sqlite (CRDT columns)—too early, surprising merges.",[17,4423,4425],{"id":4424},"sync-strategies-replication-for-most-crdts-for-real-time-text","Sync Strategies: Replication for Most, CRDTs for Real-Time Text",[22,4427,4428],{},"Hard part: Reliable multi-device\u002Fuser sync.",[22,4430,4431,4435],{},[4432,4433,4434],"strong",{},"CRDTs",": Math-guaranteed merges. Yjs best for JS\u002Freal-time collab (docs). Setup:",[3725,4437,4439],{"className":4182,"code":4438,"language":4184,"meta":45,"style":45},"import * as Y from 'yjs';\nimport { WebsocketProvider } from 'y-websocket';\n\nconst ydoc = new Y.Doc();\nconst provider = new WebsocketProvider('wss:\u002F\u002Fsync.our-app.dev', 'workspace-a1b2c3d4', ydoc);\nconst tasks = ydoc.getMap('tasks');\n\u002F\u002F Mutations via Y.Map, observeDeep for UI (debounce 16ms)\n",[26,4440,4441,4461,4475,4479,4501,4528,4550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[3733,4442,4443,4445,4448,4451,4454,4456,4459],{"class":3735,"line":3736},[3733,4444,3740],{"class":3739},[3733,4446,4447],{"class":3786}," *",[3733,4449,4450],{"class":3739}," as",[3733,4452,4453],{"class":3743}," Y ",[3733,4455,3747],{"class":3739},[3733,4457,4458],{"class":3750}," 'yjs'",[3733,4460,3754],{"class":3743},[3733,4462,4463,4465,4468,4470,4473],{"class":3735,"line":46},[3733,4464,3740],{"class":3739},[3733,4466,4467],{"class":3743}," { WebsocketProvider } ",[3733,4469,3747],{"class":3739},[3733,4471,4472],{"class":3750}," 'y-websocket'",[3733,4474,3754],{"class":3743},[3733,4476,4477],{"class":3735,"line":85},[3733,4478,3759],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":88},[3733,4480,4481,4484,4487,4489,4491,4494,4496,4499],{"class":3735,"line":84},[3733,4482,4483],{"class":3739},"const",[3733,4485,4486],{"class":3786}," ydoc",[3733,4488,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4490,4265],{"class":3739},[3733,4492,4493],{"class":3786}," Y",[3733,4495,3796],{"class":3743},[3733,4497,4498],{"class":3767},"Doc",[3733,4500,4253],{"class":3743},[3733,4502,4503,4505,4508,4510,4512,4515,4517,4520,4522,4525],{"class":3735,"line":3805},[3733,4504,4483],{"class":3739},[3733,4506,4507],{"class":3786}," provider",[3733,4509,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4511,4265],{"class":3739},[3733,4513,4514],{"class":3767}," WebsocketProvider",[3733,4516,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4518,4519],{"class":3750},"'wss:\u002F\u002Fsync.our-app.dev'",[3733,4521,3712],{"class":3743},[3733,4523,4524],{"class":3750},"'workspace-a1b2c3d4'",[3733,4526,4527],{"class":3743},", ydoc);\n",[3733,4529,4530,4532,4535,4537,4540,4543,4545,4548],{"class":3735,"line":3828},[3733,4531,4483],{"class":3739},[3733,4533,4534],{"class":3786}," tasks",[3733,4536,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4538,4539],{"class":3743}," ydoc.",[3733,4541,4542],{"class":3767},"getMap",[3733,4544,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4546,4547],{"class":3750},"'tasks'",[3733,4549,4276],{"class":3743},[3733,4551,4552],{"class":3735,"line":3856},[3733,4553,4554],{"class":4342},"\u002F\u002F Mutations via Y.Map, observeDeep for UI (debounce 16ms)\n",[22,4556,4557],{},"Automerge (Rust\u002Fdoc-oriented), Loro (newer Rust\u002Fperf)—less experience.",[22,4559,4560,4563],{},[4432,4561,4562],{},"DB Replication",": Better for non-text. PowerSync (Postgres→SQLite one-way + writeback, stable production). ElectricSQL (active-active, prototypes). Triplit (full-stack sync DB, nice DX prototype).",[22,4565,4566,4569],{},[4432,4567,4568],{},"Event Sourcing",": LiveStore syncs logs. Appealing but complex state rebuild—overkill for most apps like task boards.",[22,4571,4572],{},"Author shipped 3 apps: Yjs for collab editor (good, pain points later); PowerSync production-stable over ElectricSQL.",[17,4574,4576],{"id":4575},"field-level-lww-server-validation-for-conflicts","Field-Level LWW + Server Validation for Conflicts",[22,4578,4579,4580,4584],{},"Manageable, not terrifying. 95% handled by last-write-wins (LWW) ",[4581,4582,4583],"em",{},"per field"," (timestamp + clientId tiebreaker), not record. Keep divergent fields (title vs due date).",[3725,4586,4588],{"className":4182,"code":4587,"language":4184,"meta":45,"style":45},"function pickWinner(a: FieldValue, b: FieldValue): FieldValue {\n  const timeA = new Date(a.updatedAt).getTime();\n  const timeB = new Date(b.updatedAt).getTime();\n  if (timeA !== timeB) return timeA > timeB ? a : b;\n  return a.clientId > b.clientId ? a : b;\n}\n\nfunction mergeTask(local: Record, remote: Record) {\n  \u002F\u002F Per-field merge logic\n}\n",[26,4589,4590,4627,4649,4669,4706,4726,4730,4734,4762,4767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[3733,4591,4592,4594,4597,4599,4602,4605,4608,4610,4613,4615,4617,4620,4622,4624],{"class":3735,"line":3736},[3733,4593,3764],{"class":3739},[3733,4595,4596],{"class":3767}," pickWinner",[3733,4598,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4600,4601],{"class":3774},"a",[3733,4603,4604],{"class":3739},":",[3733,4606,4607],{"class":3767}," FieldValue",[3733,4609,3712],{"class":3743},[3733,4611,4612],{"class":3774},"b",[3733,4614,4604],{"class":3739},[3733,4616,4607],{"class":3767},[3733,4618,4619],{"class":3743},")",[3733,4621,4604],{"class":3739},[3733,4623,4607],{"class":3767},[3733,4625,4626],{"class":3743}," {\n",[3733,4628,4629,4631,4634,4636,4638,4641,4644,4647],{"class":3735,"line":46},[3733,4630,3783],{"class":3739},[3733,4632,4633],{"class":3786}," timeA",[3733,4635,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4637,4265],{"class":3739},[3733,4639,4640],{"class":3767}," Date",[3733,4642,4643],{"class":3743},"(a.updatedAt).",[3733,4645,4646],{"class":3767},"getTime",[3733,4648,4253],{"class":3743},[3733,4650,4651,4653,4656,4658,4660,4662,4665,4667],{"class":3735,"line":85},[3733,4652,3783],{"class":3739},[3733,4654,4655],{"class":3786}," timeB",[3733,4657,3790],{"class":3739},[3733,4659,4265],{"class":3739},[3733,4661,4640],{"class":3767},[3733,4663,4664],{"class":3743},"(b.updatedAt).",[3733,4666,4646],{"class":3767},[3733,4668,4253],{"class":3743},[3733,4670,4671,4674,4677,4680,4683,4686,4689,4692,4695,4698,4701,4703],{"class":3735,"line":84},[3733,4672,4673],{"class":3739},"  if",[3733,4675,4676],{"class":3743}," (timeA ",[3733,4678,4679],{"class":3739},"!==",[3733,4681,4682],{"class":3743}," timeB) ",[3733,4684,4685],{"class":3739},"return",[3733,4687,4688],{"class":3743}," timeA ",[3733,4690,4691],{"class":3739},">",[3733,4693,4694],{"class":3743}," timeB ",[3733,4696,4697],{"class":3739},"?",[3733,4699,4700],{"class":3743}," a ",[3733,4702,4604],{"class":3739},[3733,4704,4705],{"class":3743}," b;\n",[3733,4707,4708,4710,4713,4715,4718,4720,4722,4724],{"class":3735,"line":3805},[3733,4709,4348],{"class":3739},[3733,4711,4712],{"class":3743}," a.clientId ",[3733,4714,4691],{"class":3739},[3733,4716,4717],{"class":3743}," b.clientId ",[3733,4719,4697],{"class":3739},[3733,4721,4700],{"class":3743},[3733,4723,4604],{"class":3739},[3733,4725,4705],{"class":3743},[3733,4727,4728],{"class":3735,"line":3828},[3733,4729,3859],{"class":3743},[3733,4731,4732],{"class":3735,"line":3856},[3733,4733,3759],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":88},[3733,4735,4736,4738,4741,4743,4746,4748,4751,4753,4756,4758,4760],{"class":3735,"line":3862},[3733,4737,3764],{"class":3739},[3733,4739,4740],{"class":3767}," mergeTask",[3733,4742,3771],{"class":3743},[3733,4744,4745],{"class":3774},"local",[3733,4747,4604],{"class":3739},[3733,4749,4750],{"class":3767}," Record",[3733,4752,3712],{"class":3743},[3733,4754,4755],{"class":3774},"remote",[3733,4757,4604],{"class":3739},[3733,4759,4750],{"class":3767},[3733,4761,3778],{"class":3743},[3733,4763,4764],{"class":3735,"line":3867},[3733,4765,4766],{"class":4342},"  \u002F\u002F Per-field merge logic\n",[3733,4768,4769],{"class":3735,"line":3875},[3733,4770,3859],{"class":3743},[22,4772,4773],{},"Same-field: LWW wins silently (fine for titles, CRDTs for docs).",[22,4775,4776],{},"Semantic conflicts (double-bookings): App-level server validation during sync. Accept+flag violations (not reject—avoids divergence). Push violations back; client shows resolvable notifications.",[3725,4778,4780],{"className":4182,"code":4779,"language":4184,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u002F\u002F validateSyncBatch: Check invariants (e.g., overlaps), flag SyncViolation, accept anyway\n",[26,4781,4782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[3733,4783,4784],{"class":3735,"line":3736},[3733,4785,4779],{"class":4342},[22,4787,4788],{},"Tried rejection—led to ghost records. Window of invalid state tolerable for meetings, not inventory.",[4147,4790,4791],{},[22,4792,4793],{},"\"Local-first web development is Git for application data.\" (Analogy clicking replicas\u002Fcommits\u002Fsync, simplifying mental model from centralized SVN.)",[17,4795,4797],{"id":4796},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[4799,4800,4801,4805,4808,4811,4814,4821,4824],"ul",{},[4802,4803,4804],"li",{},"Evaluate fit early: User-gen\u002Foffline\u002Fcollab yes; server-data\u002Fconsistency no. Start with one feature.",[4802,4806,4807],{},"Use SQLite WASM\u002FOPFS (wa-sqlite) for client DB—queue writes, Sentry logs, Safari fallbacks.",[4802,4809,4810],{},"Sync: PowerSync for relational replication; Yjs CRDTs for real-time text.",[4802,4812,4813],{},"Conflicts: Field-level LWW covers 95%; server-validate semantics, flag not reject.",[4802,4815,4816,4817,4820],{},"No fetching\u002Fstate libs needed—local DB ",[4581,4818,4819],{},"is"," state. Instant UI, background sync.",[4802,4822,4823],{},"Prototype hybrids: Local-first features in traditional apps.",[4802,4825,4826],{},"Debug browser DBs ruthlessly—telemetry essential.",[4147,4828,4829],{},[22,4830,4831],{},"\"The “spectrum of local-first” is a real thing, and starting with one feature is how I’d recommend anyone begin.\" (Practical entry point, avoiding all-in overcommitment.)",[3891,4833,4834],{},"html pre.shiki code .szBVR, html code.shiki .szBVR{--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVt8B, html code.shiki .sVt8B{--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZZnC, html code.shiki .sZZnC{--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sScJk, html code.shiki .sScJk{--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sj4cs, html code.shiki .sj4cs{--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sJ8bj, html code.shiki .sJ8bj{--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-dark:#6A737D}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s4XuR, html code.shiki .s4XuR{--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":46,"depth":46,"links":4836},[4837,4838,4839,4840,4841,4842],{"id":4138,"depth":46,"text":4139},{"id":4154,"depth":46,"text":4155},{"id":4172,"depth":46,"text":4173},{"id":4424,"depth":46,"text":4425},{"id":4575,"depth":46,"text":4576},{"id":4796,"depth":46,"text":4797},[52],{"content_references":4845,"triage":4866},[4846,4852,4855,4858,4860,4863],{"type":4847,"title":4848,"author":4849,"url":4850,"context":4851},"paper","Local-First Software","Ink & Switch","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.inkandswitch.com\u002Flocal-first-software\u002F","cited",{"type":59,"title":4853,"url":4854,"context":3905},"wa-sqlite","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Frhashimoto\u002Fwa-sqlite",{"type":59,"title":4856,"url":4857,"context":62},"cr-sqlite","https:\u002F\u002Fgithub.com\u002Fvlcn-io\u002Fcr-sqlite",{"type":59,"title":4859,"context":3905},"Yjs",{"type":59,"title":4861,"url":4862,"context":3905},"PowerSync","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.powersync.com",{"type":59,"title":4864,"url":4865,"context":62},"ElectricSQL","https:\u002F\u002Felectric-sql.com\u002Fdocs\u002Fintro",{"relevance":84,"novelty":85,"quality":84,"actionability":84,"composite":86,"reasoning":4867},"Category: Software Engineering. The article discusses a practical approach to local-first web app architecture, addressing a specific pain point for developers regarding data management in offline scenarios. It provides actionable insights on using SQLite with WASM for client-side databases, which can directly benefit developers looking to implement local-first strategies.","\u002Fsummaries\u002F39ca315f074bb0ad-local-first-web-apps-client-dbs-sync-conflicts-summary","2026-05-06 10:00:00","2026-05-08 15:36:47",{"title":4128,"description":45},{"loc":4868},"39ca315f074bb0ad","Smashing Magazine (Site RSS)","https:\u002F\u002Fsmashingmagazine.com\u002F2026\u002F05\u002Farchitecture-local-first-web-development\u002F","summaries\u002F39ca315f074bb0ad-local-first-web-apps-client-dbs-sync-conflicts-summary",[99,4878,100,4879],"software-engineering","local-first","Shift to local-first by storing user data in client SQLite via WASM\u002FOPFS, sync via CRDTs or replication (PowerSync), resolve conflicts at field-level with LWW—ideal for offline collab but skip for server-gen data.",[4878,100,4879],"Qph2jreGeS2F_-3_qxv-cBcgXl4zwr216aaKGX6BTC8",{"id":4884,"title":4885,"ai":4886,"body":4891,"categories":4947,"created_at":53,"date_modified":53,"description":45,"extension":54,"faq":53,"featured":55,"kicker_label":53,"meta":4948,"navigation":88,"path":4962,"published_at":4963,"question":53,"scraped_at":4964,"seo":4965,"sitemap":4966,"source_id":4967,"source_name":4968,"source_type":95,"source_url":4969,"stem":4970,"tags":4971,"thumbnail_url":53,"tldr":4973,"tweet":53,"unknown_tags":4974,"__hash__":4975},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002Fa88abf3afc598e7d-resilient-llm-streaming-jitter-breakers-90s-checks-summary.md","Resilient LLM Streaming: Jitter, Breakers, 90s Checks",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":4887,"output_tokens":4888,"processing_time_ms":4889,"cost_usd":4890},6974,1727,19624,0.0022358,{"type":14,"value":4892,"toc":4941},[4893,4897,4900,4907,4911,4918,4921,4925,4928,4931,4934,4938],[17,4894,4896],{"id":4895},"dual-transports-share-one-resilience-layer-for-any-request","Dual Transports Share One Resilience Layer for Any Request",[22,4898,4899],{},"Match transport to request: use native EventSource for one-shot GET-style streams like initial AI page generation (audience research, scraping, copywriting, builder phases), which needs no client input during multi-minute output. Switch to fetch + ReadableStream for POST-heavy edits (user prompts up to 5MB with images), parsing SSE manually. Layer identical defenses on both—90s no-data timeout, 5-failure circuit breaker, jittered exponential backoff (base * 2^attempt, capped at 2\u002F3\u002F5s progressively, +0-50% random jitter)—to handle corporate proxies killing idle connections at 60s, 5G handoffs, or hotel WiFi header rewrites breaking SSE.",[22,4901,4902,4903,4906],{},"Jitter desynchronizes retries: without it, 50 tabs on flaky enterprise WiFi retry in waves (200ms, 400ms, etc.), DDoSing your backend; with full jitter, peak load drops by client count. Code it as ",[26,4904,4905],{},"exponentialDelay + Math.random() * exponentialDelay * 0.5",". This absorbs storms where pure backoff synchronizes failures.",[17,4908,4910],{"id":4909},"heartbeat-health-checks-catch-open-but-silent-connections","Heartbeat Health Checks Catch 'Open but Silent' Connections",[22,4912,4913,4914,4917],{},"EventSource stays 'OPEN' for 5+ minutes with zero bytes, fooling dev tools while users see frozen cursors from proxy buffering, crashed servers leaving sockets open, or silent TCP drops. Counter with client-side heartbeat: track ",[26,4915,4916],{},"lastHeartbeat"," per byte received, check every 10s; reconnect if 90s elapses without data (tuned above slowest legit gap of 60s in research scraping—cargo-cult 30s and you restart valid jobs).",[22,4919,4920],{},"Surface honestly: show 'Our AI is crafting the next step' during stalls (no typing, not done), keeping users patient vs. hiding brokenness. Worst-case detection: 100s post-stall start, balancing over-eager reconnections (annoy slow generations) against undetected death.",[17,4922,4924],{"id":4923},"circuit-breakers-and-error-matrices-prevent-endless-loops","Circuit Breakers and Error Matrices Prevent Endless Loops",[22,4926,4927],{},"Local retries alone self-DOS on backend outages; add global circuit breaker: after 5 consecutive failures, pause 60s before one try (reset counter on success). From Release It!, this evidences systemic issues without page-crashing loops.",[22,4929,4930],{},"Filter retries via matrix: never on 4xx (400\u002F401\u002F403\u002F404\u002F422—auth\u002Fvalidation fails identically); always on 429\u002F503\u002F5xx (transient); default retry unknown\u002FAbortError\u002FTypeError:Failed to fetch (can't distinguish network blip from backend 502). Costly lesson: retrying expired 401 JWTs stacked 50 toasts.",[22,4932,4933],{},"Wire browser 'online'\u002F'offline' events: offline → cleanup, no retries; online → reset counters\u002Fattempts, reconnect once (network failures ≠ backend faults, preserving retry budget).",[17,4935,4937],{"id":4936},"outcomes-92-99-success-demo-proof-reliability","Outcomes: 92% → 99%+ Success, Demo-Proof Reliability",[22,4939,4940],{},"These patterns—shared resilience, jitter, 90s checks, breakers, matrices, events—make pages finish first-try on uncontrolled networks, where prompts rarely bottleneck. Users notice completion, not 'better AI'. Lift for any blinking-cursor LLM UI; networks kill more demos than models.",{"title":45,"searchDepth":46,"depth":46,"links":4942},[4943,4944,4945,4946],{"id":4895,"depth":46,"text":4896},{"id":4909,"depth":46,"text":4910},{"id":4923,"depth":46,"text":4924},{"id":4936,"depth":46,"text":4937},[52],{"content_references":4949,"triage":4959},[4950,4953],{"type":67,"title":4951,"url":4952,"context":4851},"Exponential Backoff and Jitter","https:\u002F\u002Faws.amazon.com\u002Fblogs\u002Farchitecture\u002Fexponential-backoff-and-jitter\u002F",{"type":4954,"title":4955,"author":4956,"publisher":4957,"url":4958,"context":4851},"book","Release It!","Michael Nygard","The Pragmatic Bookshelf","https:\u002F\u002Fpragprog.com\u002Ftitles\u002Fmnee2\u002Frelease-it-second-edition\u002F",{"relevance":3805,"novelty":84,"quality":84,"actionability":3805,"composite":4960,"reasoning":4961},4.55,"Category: AI & LLMs. The article provides in-depth strategies for improving the resilience of LLM streaming, addressing specific pain points like handling network issues and optimizing performance, which are crucial for product builders. It includes actionable code snippets and techniques like jittered backoff and heartbeat health checks that developers can implement directly.","\u002Fsummaries\u002Fa88abf3afc598e7d-resilient-llm-streaming-jitter-breakers-90s-checks-summary","2026-05-01 20:29:56","2026-05-03 17:00:37",{"title":4885,"description":45},{"loc":4962},"a88abf3afc598e7d","Level Up Coding","https:\u002F\u002Flevelup.gitconnected.com\u002F50-000-ai-page-generations-later-streaming-that-survives-real-networks-daf96d02d44f?source=rss----5517fd7b58a6---4","summaries\u002Fa88abf3afc598e7d-resilient-llm-streaming-jitter-breakers-90s-checks-summary",[4972,99,4878,100],"llm","After 50k AI page generations, boost streaming success from 92% to 99%+ by treating networks as foes: jittered backoff stops thundering herds, 90s health checks catch silent stalls, circuit breakers prevent self-DOS.",[4878,100],"AA65VYzQmvAdAfgMg8exqvpTxecQ6K_rkz9-lZ5nX_c"]