[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"summary-6a95b493803eeb37-hybrid-vs-transformer-token-level-performance-anal-summary":3,"summaries-facets-categories":114,"summary-related-6a95b493803eeb37-hybrid-vs-transformer-token-level-performance-anal-summary":5618},{"id":4,"title":5,"ai":6,"body":13,"categories":69,"created_at":71,"date_modified":71,"description":63,"extension":72,"faq":71,"featured":73,"kicker_label":71,"meta":74,"navigation":95,"path":96,"published_at":97,"question":71,"scraped_at":98,"seo":99,"sitemap":100,"source_id":101,"source_name":102,"source_type":103,"source_url":104,"stem":105,"tags":106,"thumbnail_url":71,"tldr":111,"tweet":71,"unknown_tags":112,"__hash__":113},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F6a95b493803eeb37-hybrid-vs-transformer-token-level-performance-anal-summary.md","Hybrid vs. Transformer: Token-Level Performance Analysis",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":9,"output_tokens":10,"processing_time_ms":11,"cost_usd":12},"openrouter","google\u002Fgemini-3.1-flash-lite",6017,757,4248,0.00263975,{"type":14,"value":15,"toc":62},"minimark",[16,21,25,29,32,55,59],[17,18,20],"h2",{"id":19},"architectural-strengths-and-trade-offs","Architectural Strengths and Trade-offs",[22,23,24],"p",{},"Transformers rely on attention mechanisms that allow for direct, global access to all previous tokens, making them highly effective at verbatim retrieval and exact recall. However, this comes at a high computational cost that scales poorly with input length. In contrast, hybrid models—which replace many attention layers with recurrent layers—utilize a fixed-size, lossy memory that processes tokens sequentially. This architecture is less capable of exact retrieval but excels at maintaining a running state of evolving information, providing a complementary strength to the transformer's global attention.",[17,26,28],{"id":27},"token-level-performance-divergence","Token-Level Performance Divergence",[22,30,31],{},"Research comparing the 7B-parameter Olmo 3 (transformer) and Olmo Hybrid models reveals that architectural differences manifest in specific token-prediction behaviors:",[33,34,35,43,49],"ul",{},[36,37,38,42],"li",{},[39,40,41],"strong",{},"Content vs. Function Words:"," Hybrid models demonstrate a clear advantage in predicting \"open-class\" tokens—nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs—which carry the core meaning of a sentence. The loss gap for these tokens is approximately 0.04, compared to a smaller gap of 0.02 for function words (e.g., \"the,\" \"of\"), which are often predictable via syntax alone.",[36,44,45,48],{},[39,46,47],{},"The Copying Limitation:"," The hybrid model's advantage diminishes significantly when the task requires verbatim repetition of earlier text. As the length of a repeated n-gram increases, the transformer’s ability to look back at the original input allows it to outperform the hybrid model.",[36,50,51,54],{},[39,52,53],{},"Structural Patterns:"," Transformers remain superior at predicting closing brackets, likely because attention mechanisms are inherently well-suited for the specific task of bracket matching.",[17,56,58],{"id":57},"implications-for-model-evaluation","Implications for Model Evaluation",[22,60,61],{},"Aggregate loss metrics are too blunt to capture these architectural nuances. The authors propose using \"filtered token losses\"—evaluating models specifically on subsets of tokens like content words or repeated sequences—to gain a more granular understanding of model capabilities during pretraining. This approach reveals that even pure recurrent models can outperform transformers on meaning-bearing tokens, while failing significantly on copy-heavy tasks. Understanding these token-level behaviors is essential for designing more efficient hybrid architectures that leverage the best of both recurrent state-tracking and attention-based retrieval.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":65},"",2,[66,67,68],{"id":19,"depth":64,"text":20},{"id":27,"depth":64,"text":28},{"id":57,"depth":64,"text":58},[70],"Models & Frontier Labs",null,"md",false,{"content_references":75,"triage":90},[76,82,87],{"type":77,"title":78,"author":79,"url":80,"context":81},"paper","Which tokens does a hybrid model predict better?","AllenAI","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2606.20936","cited",{"type":83,"title":84,"url":85,"context":86},"tool","Olmo 3","https:\u002F\u002Fallenai.org\u002Fblog\u002Folmo3","mentioned",{"type":83,"title":88,"url":89,"context":86},"Olmo Hybrid","https:\u002F\u002Fallenai.org\u002Fblog\u002Folmohybrid",{"relevance":91,"novelty":91,"quality":92,"actionability":64,"composite":93,"reasoning":94},3,4,3.05,"Category: Models & Frontier Labs. The article discusses the performance differences between hybrid and transformer models, which is relevant to engineers evaluating model capabilities. However, while it presents some new insights, it lacks specific actionable guidance for implementation or practical application in production systems.",true,"\u002Fsummaries\u002F6a95b493803eeb37-hybrid-vs-transformer-token-level-performance-anal-summary","2026-06-26 11:13:17","2026-06-29 14:32:13",{"title":5,"description":63},{"loc":96},"6a95b493803eeb37","Hugging Face Blog","article","https:\u002F\u002Fhuggingface.co\u002Fblog\u002Fallenai\u002Fhybrid-token-prediction","summaries\u002F6a95b493803eeb37-hybrid-vs-transformer-token-level-performance-anal-summary",[107,108,109,110],"models","architectures","benchmarks","research","Hybrid models outperform transformers on meaning-bearing content words due to superior state-tracking, while transformers retain a distinct advantage in verbatim token repetition and exact recall tasks.",[],"NpYUr2Jyz4YI02uYccrnkHegJvM7oJcmSpPHd5HHizk",[115,118,121,124,127,130,132,134,137,139,141,143,145,148,150,152,154,156,159,161,163,165,167,169,171,173,175,177,179,181,183,185,187,189,191,194,197,199,201,203,205,207,209,211,213,215,217,220,222,224,226,228,230,232,234,236,238,240,242,244,246,248,251,253,255,257,259,261,263,265,267,269,271,273,276,278,280,282,284,286,288,290,292,294,296,298,300,302,304,306,308,310,312,314,316,318,320,322,324,326,328,330,332,335,337,339,341,343,345,347,349,351,354,356,358,360,362,364,366,368,370,372,374,376,379,381,383,385,387,389,391,393,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,426,428,430,432,434,436,438,440,442,444,446,449,451,453,455,457,459,461,463,465,467,469,471,473,475,478,480,482,484,486,488,490,492,494,497,499,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515,517,519,521,523,525,527,529,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,567,569,571,573,575,577,579,581,583,585,587,589,591,593,595,597,599,601,603,605,607,609,611,613,615,617,619,621,623,625,627,629,631,633,635,637,639,641,643,645,647,649,651,653,655,657,659,661,663,665,667,669,671,673,675,677,679,681,683,685,687,689,691,693,695,697,699,701,703,705,707,709,711,713,715,717,719,721,723,725,727,729,731,734,736,738,740,743,745,747,749,751,753,755,757,759,761,764,766,768,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,808,810,812,814,816,818,820,822,824,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842,844,846,848,850,852,854,856,858,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892,894,896,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926,928,930,932,934,936,938,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978,980,982,984,986,988,990,992,994,996,998,1000,1002,1004,1006,1008,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1051,1053,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095,1097,1099,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111,1113,1115,1117,1119,1121,1123,1125,1127,1129,1131,1133,1135,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147,1149,1151,1153,1155,1157,1159,1161,1163,1166,1168,1170,1172,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1184,1186,1188,1190,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214,1216,1218,1220,1222,1224,1226,1228,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1240,1242,1244,1246,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270,1272,1274,1276,1279,1281,1283,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355,1357,1359,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369,1371,1373,1375,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1391,1393,1395,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406,1408,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426,1428,1430,1432,1434,1436,1438,1440,1442,1444,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459,1461,1463,1465,1467,1469,1471,1473,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1497,1499,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527,1529,1531,1533,1535,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547,1549,1551,1553,1555,1557,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1573,1575,1577,1579,1581,1583,1585,1587,1589,1591,1593,1595,1597,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621,1623,1625,1627,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1643,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663,1665,1667,1669,1671,1673,1675,1677,1679,1681,1683,1685,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1711,1713,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773,1775,1777,1779,1781,1783,1785,1787,1790,1792,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808,1810,1812,1814,1816,1818,1820,1822,1824,1826,1828,1830,1832,1834,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856,1858,1860,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1887,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919,1921,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953,1955,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1992,1995,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2013,2015,2017,2019,2021,2023,2025,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051,2053,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065,2067,2069,2071,2073,2075,2077,2079,2081,2083,2085,2087,2089,2091,2093,2095,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2107,2109,2111,2113,2115,2117,2119,2121,2123,2125,2127,2129,2131,2133,2135,2137,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2179,2181,2183,2185,2187,2189,2191,2193,2195,2197,2199,2201,2203,2205,2207,2209,2211,2213,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263,2265,2267,2269,2271,2273,2275,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297,2299,2301,2303,2305,2307,2309,2311,2313,2315,2317,2319,2321,2323,2325,2327,2329,2331,2333,2335,2337,2339,2341,2343,2345,2347,2349,2351,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379,2381,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395,2397,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407,2409,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2423,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461,2463,2465,2467,2469,2471,2473,2475,2477,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2497,2499,2501,2503,2505,2507,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518,2520,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2546,2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2590,2592,2594,2596,2598,2600,2602,2605,2607,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2629,2631,2633,2635,2637,2639,2641,2643,2645,2647,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691,2693,2695,2697,2699,2701,2703,2705,2707,2709,2711,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2745,2747,2749,2751,2753,2755,2757,2759,2761,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771,2773,2775,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813,2815,2817,2819,2821,2823,2825,2827,2829,2831,2833,2835,2837,2839,2841,2843,2845,2847,2849,2851,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865,2867,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877,2879,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905,2907,2909,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939,2941,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2959,2961,2963,2965,2967,2969,2971,2973,2975,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987,2989,2991,2993,2995,2997,2999,3001,3003,3005,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3053,3055,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079,3081,3083,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103,3105,3107,3109,3111,3113,3115,3117,3119,3121,3123,3125,3127,3129,3131,3133,3135,3137,3139,3141,3143,3145,3147,3149,3151,3153,3155,3157,3159,3161,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171,3173,3175,3177,3179,3181,3183,3185,3187,3189,3191,3193,3195,3197,3199,3201,3203,3205,3207,3209,3211,3213,3215,3217,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231,3233,3235,3237,3239,3241,3243,3245,3247,3249,3251,3253,3255,3257,3259,3261,3263,3265,3267,3269,3271,3273,3275,3277,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291,3293,3295,3297,3299,3301,3303,3305,3307,3309,3311,3313,3315,3317,3319,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353,3355,3357,3359,3361,3363,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3377,3379,3381,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395,3397,3399,3401,3403,3405,3407,3409,3411,3413,3415,3417,3419,3421,3423,3425,3427,3429,3431,3433,3435,3437,3439,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465,3467,3469,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479,3481,3483,3485,3487,3489,3491,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541,3543,3545,3547,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557,3559,3561,3563,3565,3567,3569,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581,3583,3585,3587,3589,3591,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625,3628,3630,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646,3648,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682,3684,3686,3688,3690,3692,3694,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3720,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754,3756,3758,3760,3762,3764,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826,3828,3830,3832,3834,3836,3838,3840,3842,3844,3846,3848,3850,3852,3854,3856,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874,3876,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886,3888,3890,3892,3894,3896,3898,3900,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940,3942,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966,3968,3970,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982,3984,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4002,4004,4006,4008,4010,4012,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030,4032,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050,4052,4054,4056,4058,4060,4062,4064,4066,4068,4070,4072,4074,4076,4078,4080,4082,4084,4086,4088,4090,4092,4094,4096,4098,4100,4102,4104,4106,4108,4110,4112,4114,4116,4118,4120,4122,4124,4126,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4178,4180,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220,4222,4224,4226,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4312,4314,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409,4411,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4480,4482,4484,4486,4488,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4546,4548,4550,4552,4554,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594,4596,4598,4600,4602,4604,4606,4608,4610,4612,4614,4616,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630,4632,4634,4636,4638,4640,4642,4644,4646,4648,4650,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4662,4664,4666,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704,4706,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4718,4720,4722,4724,4726,4728,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816,4818,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856,4858,4860,4862,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874,4876,4878,4880,4882,4884,4886,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148,5150,5152,5154,5156,5158,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5170,5172,5174,5176,5178,5180,5182,5184,5186,5188,5190,5192,5194,5196,5198,5200,5202,5204,5206,5208,5210,5212,5214,5216,5218,5220,5222,5224,5226,5228,5230,5232,5234,5236,5238,5240,5242,5244,5246,5248,5250,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280,5282,5284,5286,5288,5290,5292,5294,5296,5298,5300,5302,5304,5306,5308,5310,5312,5314,5316,5318,5320,5322,5324,5326,5328,5330,5332,5334,5336,5338,5340,5342,5344,5346,5348,5350,5352,5354,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376,5378,5380,5382,5384,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400,5402,5404,5406,5408,5410,5412,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462,5464,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486,5488,5490,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512,5514,5516,5518,5520,5522,5524,5526,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540,5542,5544,5546,5548,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606,5608,5610,5612,5614,5616],{"categories":116},[117],"Developer Productivity",{"categories":119},[120],"Business & SaaS",{"categories":122},[123],"AI & LLMs",{"categories":125},[126],"AI Automation",{"categories":128},[129],"Product Strategy",{"categories":131},[123],{"categories":133},[117],{"categories":135},[136],"Software Engineering",{"categories":138},[123],{"categories":140},[120],{"categories":142},[],{"categories":144},[123],{"categories":146},[147],"Inference & Serving",{"categories":149},[123],{"categories":151},[123],{"categories":153},[126],{"categories":155},[],{"categories":157},[158],"AI News & Trends",{"categories":160},[126],{"categories":162},[123],{"categories":164},[120],{"categories":166},[126],{"categories":168},[158],{"categories":170},[126],{"categories":172},[126],{"categories":174},[123],{"categories":176},[126],{"categories":178},[123],{"categories":180},[123],{"categories":182},[123],{"categories":184},[158],{"categories":186},[123],{"categories":188},[123],{"categories":190},[],{"categories":192},[193],"Design & Frontend",{"categories":195},[196],"Data Science & Visualization",{"categories":198},[158],{"categories":200},[123],{"categories":202},[123],{"categories":204},[],{"categories":206},[123],{"categories":208},[126],{"categories":210},[136],{"categories":212},[123],{"categories":214},[126],{"categories":216},[123],{"categories":218},[219],"Marketing & Growth",{"categories":221},[193],{"categories":223},[123],{"categories":225},[126],{"categories":227},[123],{"categories":229},[],{"categories":231},[],{"categories":233},[193],{"categories":235},[123],{"categories":237},[126],{"categories":239},[117],{"categories":241},[136],{"categories":243},[193],{"categories":245},[123],{"categories":247},[136],{"categories":249},[250],"DevOps & Cloud",{"categories":252},[126],{"categories":254},[129],{"categories":256},[158],{"categories":258},[123],{"categories":260},[],{"categories":262},[123],{"categories":264},[],{"categories":266},[126],{"categories":268},[136],{"categories":270},[],{"categories":272},[136],{"categories":274},[275],"Governance & Standards",{"categories":277},[120],{"categories":279},[],{"categories":281},[],{"categories":283},[123],{"categories":285},[123],{"categories":287},[126],{"categories":289},[123],{"categories":291},[123],{"categories":293},[126],{"categories":295},[123],{"categories":297},[123],{"categories":299},[123],{"categories":301},[],{"categories":303},[136],{"categories":305},[],{"categories":307},[],{"categories":309},[136],{"categories":311},[],{"categories":313},[136],{"categories":315},[123],{"categories":317},[123],{"categories":319},[219],{"categories":321},[123],{"categories":323},[193],{"categories":325},[193],{"categories":327},[123],{"categories":329},[136],{"categories":331},[126],{"categories":333},[334],"GovTech & Public-Sector Adoption",{"categories":336},[136],{"categories":338},[123],{"categories":340},[123],{"categories":342},[126],{"categories":344},[126],{"categories":346},[196],{"categories":348},[158],{"categories":350},[126],{"categories":352},[353],"Legal AI Tools",{"categories":355},[126],{"categories":357},[219],{"categories":359},[126],{"categories":361},[129],{"categories":363},[136],{"categories":365},[334],{"categories":367},[],{"categories":369},[126],{"categories":371},[],{"categories":373},[126],{"categories":375},[126],{"categories":377},[378],"RAG & Retrieval",{"categories":380},[120],{"categories":382},[123],{"categories":384},[136],{"categories":386},[250],{"categories":388},[193],{"categories":390},[123],{"categories":392},[],{"categories":394},[395],"Agents & Orchestration",{"categories":397},[136],{"categories":399},[123],{"categories":401},[],{"categories":403},[126],{"categories":405},[],{"categories":407},[123],{"categories":409},[],{"categories":411},[117],{"categories":413},[136],{"categories":415},[120],{"categories":417},[123],{"categories":419},[123],{"categories":421},[158],{"categories":423},[123],{"categories":425},[],{"categories":427},[123],{"categories":429},[],{"categories":431},[136],{"categories":433},[196],{"categories":435},[],{"categories":437},[123],{"categories":439},[193],{"categories":441},[70],{"categories":443},[],{"categories":445},[193],{"categories":447},[448],"Regulation & Governance of AI",{"categories":450},[126],{"categories":452},[],{"categories":454},[123],{"categories":456},[123],{"categories":458},[126],{"categories":460},[158],{"categories":462},[120],{"categories":464},[123],{"categories":466},[],{"categories":468},[136],{"categories":470},[126],{"categories":472},[123],{"categories":474},[129],{"categories":476},[477],"AI Policy & Regulation",{"categories":479},[],{"categories":481},[123],{"categories":483},[129],{"categories":485},[126],{"categories":487},[123],{"categories":489},[126],{"categories":491},[],{"categories":493},[196],{"categories":495},[496],"Evals & Reliability",{"categories":498},[123],{"categories":500},[],{"categories":502},[117],{"categories":504},[334],{"categories":506},[477],{"categories":508},[123],{"categories":510},[120],{"categories":512},[123],{"categories":514},[126],{"categories":516},[123],{"categories":518},[126],{"categories":520},[395],{"categories":522},[123],{"categories":524},[136],{"categories":526},[123],{"categories":528},[],{"categories":530},[],{"categories":532},[123],{"categories":534},[334],{"categories":536},[123],{"categories":538},[123],{"categories":540},[],{"categories":542},[193],{"categories":544},[],{"categories":546},[123],{"categories":548},[],{"categories":550},[126],{"categories":552},[123],{"categories":554},[193],{"categories":556},[],{"categories":558},[123],{"categories":560},[126],{"categories":562},[123],{"categories":564},[120],{"categories":566},[126],{"categories":568},[123],{"categories":570},[123],{"categories":572},[136],{"categories":574},[193],{"categories":576},[126],{"categories":578},[],{"categories":580},[136],{"categories":582},[126],{"categories":584},[],{"categories":586},[158],{"categories":588},[],{"categories":590},[123],{"categories":592},[123],{"categories":594},[120,219],{"categories":596},[],{"categories":598},[123],{"categories":600},[123],{"categories":602},[126],{"categories":604},[],{"categories":606},[],{"categories":608},[123],{"categories":610},[193],{"categories":612},[123],{"categories":614},[],{"categories":616},[123],{"categories":618},[250],{"categories":620},[],{"categories":622},[126],{"categories":624},[158],{"categories":626},[123],{"categories":628},[193],{"categories":630},[],{"categories":632},[158],{"categories":634},[123],{"categories":636},[147],{"categories":638},[123],{"categories":640},[126],{"categories":642},[158],{"categories":644},[70],{"categories":646},[123],{"categories":648},[219],{"categories":650},[],{"categories":652},[126],{"categories":654},[120],{"categories":656},[136],{"categories":658},[123],{"categories":660},[126],{"categories":662},[],{"categories":664},[123,250],{"categories":666},[123],{"categories":668},[123],{"categories":670},[123],{"categories":672},[126],{"categories":674},[123,136],{"categories":676},[196],{"categories":678},[123],{"categories":680},[123],{"categories":682},[136],{"categories":684},[126],{"categories":686},[477],{"categories":688},[219],{"categories":690},[126],{"categories":692},[123],{"categories":694},[123],{"categories":696},[126],{"categories":698},[],{"categories":700},[395],{"categories":702},[126],{"categories":704},[123],{"categories":706},[123,120],{"categories":708},[120],{"categories":710},[],{"categories":712},[193],{"categories":714},[193],{"categories":716},[123],{"categories":718},[],{"categories":720},[],{"categories":722},[158],{"categories":724},[],{"categories":726},[117],{"categories":728},[123],{"categories":730},[136],{"categories":732},[733],"Generative UI & Design-to-Code",{"categories":735},[123],{"categories":737},[193],{"categories":739},[123],{"categories":741},[742],"Algorithmic Accountability",{"categories":744},[126],{"categories":746},[136],{"categories":748},[158],{"categories":750},[193],{"categories":752},[],{"categories":754},[123],{"categories":756},[123],{"categories":758},[123],{"categories":760},[126],{"categories":762},[763],"MLOps & Infrastructure",{"categories":765},[123],{"categories":767},[123],{"categories":769},[123],{"categories":771},[123],{"categories":773},[158],{"categories":775},[117],{"categories":777},[123],{"categories":779},[126],{"categories":781},[250],{"categories":783},[123],{"categories":785},[193],{"categories":787},[123],{"categories":789},[126],{"categories":791},[],{"categories":793},[],{"categories":795},[147],{"categories":797},[193],{"categories":799},[158],{"categories":801},[196],{"categories":803},[],{"categories":805},[123],{"categories":807},[123],{"categories":809},[120],{"categories":811},[123],{"categories":813},[123],{"categories":815},[123],{"categories":817},[158],{"categories":819},[147],{"categories":821},[123],{"categories":823},[193],{"categories":825},[],{"categories":827},[126],{"categories":829},[136],{"categories":831},[],{"categories":833},[123],{"categories":835},[123],{"categories":837},[126],{"categories":839},[136],{"categories":841},[123],{"categories":843},[196],{"categories":845},[],{"categories":847},[123],{"categories":849},[],{"categories":851},[123],{"categories":853},[],{"categories":855},[129],{"categories":857},[120],{"categories":859},[126],{"categories":861},[126],{"categories":863},[],{"categories":865},[117],{"categories":867},[123],{"categories":869},[120],{"categories":871},[158],{"categories":873},[117],{"categories":875},[],{"categories":877},[123],{"categories":879},[],{"categories":881},[],{"categories":883},[158],{"categories":885},[158],{"categories":887},[],{"categories":889},[395],{"categories":891},[123],{"categories":893},[193],{"categories":895},[136],{"categories":897},[],{"categories":899},[353],{"categories":901},[120],{"categories":903},[],{"categories":905},[],{"categories":907},[117],{"categories":909},[196],{"categories":911},[],{"categories":913},[219],{"categories":915},[126],{"categories":917},[120],{"categories":919},[126],{"categories":921},[120],{"categories":923},[136],{"categories":925},[],{"categories":927},[147],{"categories":929},[129],{"categories":931},[123],{"categories":933},[193],{"categories":935},[136],{"categories":937},[120],{"categories":939},[123],{"categories":941},[126],{"categories":943},[120],{"categories":945},[123],{"categories":947},[],{"categories":949},[],{"categories":951},[136],{"categories":953},[196],{"categories":955},[129],{"categories":957},[123],{"categories":959},[126],{"categories":961},[123],{"categories":963},[],{"categories":965},[158],{"categories":967},[129],{"categories":969},[123],{"categories":971},[496],{"categories":973},[250],{"categories":975},[],{"categories":977},[126],{"categories":979},[],{"categories":981},[117],{"categories":983},[],{"categories":985},[123],{"categories":987},[123],{"categories":989},[193],{"categories":991},[219],{"categories":993},[136],{"categories":995},[126],{"categories":997},[],{"categories":999},[136],{"categories":1001},[117],{"categories":1003},[],{"categories":1005},[158],{"categories":1007},[123,250],{"categories":1009},[1010],"Design Systems for AI",{"categories":1012},[123],{"categories":1014},[158],{"categories":1016},[123],{"categories":1018},[123],{"categories":1020},[120],{"categories":1022},[123],{"categories":1024},[],{"categories":1026},[123],{"categories":1028},[120],{"categories":1030},[123],{"categories":1032},[],{"categories":1034},[126],{"categories":1036},[136],{"categories":1038},[136],{"categories":1040},[193],{"categories":1042},[158],{"categories":1044},[196],{"categories":1046},[123],{"categories":1048},[117],{"categories":1050},[477],{"categories":1052},[123],{"categories":1054},[126],{"categories":1056},[123],{"categories":1058},[136],{"categories":1060},[136],{"categories":1062},[],{"categories":1064},[],{"categories":1066},[126],{"categories":1068},[129],{"categories":1070},[],{"categories":1072},[123],{"categories":1074},[],{"categories":1076},[193],{"categories":1078},[126],{"categories":1080},[136],{"categories":1082},[193],{"categories":1084},[123],{"categories":1086},[193],{"categories":1088},[],{"categories":1090},[],{"categories":1092},[158],{"categories":1094},[126],{"categories":1096},[126],{"categories":1098},[123],{"categories":1100},[123],{"categories":1102},[123],{"categories":1104},[120],{"categories":1106},[123],{"categories":1108},[123],{"categories":1110},[],{"categories":1112},[136],{"categories":1114},[136],{"categories":1116},[123],{"categories":1118},[136],{"categories":1120},[120],{"categories":1122},[],{"categories":1124},[123],{"categories":1126},[123],{"categories":1128},[123],{"categories":1130},[126],{"categories":1132},[117],{"categories":1134},[120],{"categories":1136},[158],{"categories":1138},[126],{"categories":1140},[147],{"categories":1142},[219],{"categories":1144},[123],{"categories":1146},[126],{"categories":1148},[],{"categories":1150},[193],{"categories":1152},[],{"categories":1154},[123],{"categories":1156},[123],{"categories":1158},[],{"categories":1160},[136],{"categories":1162},[120],{"categories":1164},[1165],"Visual & Generative Media",{"categories":1167},[126],{"categories":1169},[],{"categories":1171},[123],{"categories":1173},[123],{"categories":1175},[250],{"categories":1177},[196],{"categories":1179},[477],{"categories":1181},[136],{"categories":1183},[219],{"categories":1185},[123],{"categories":1187},[193],{"categories":1189},[123],{"categories":1191},[136],{"categories":1193},[126],{"categories":1195},[],{"categories":1197},[],{"categories":1199},[126],{"categories":1201},[117],{"categories":1203},[126],{"categories":1205},[70],{"categories":1207},[123],{"categories":1209},[129],{"categories":1211},[120],{"categories":1213},[],{"categories":1215},[123],{"categories":1217},[129],{"categories":1219},[123],{"categories":1221},[123],{"categories":1223},[123],{"categories":1225},[123],{"categories":1227},[123],{"categories":1229},[219],{"categories":1231},[123],{"categories":1233},[395],{"categories":1235},[123],{"categories":1237},[123],{"categories":1239},[123],{"categories":1241},[123],{"categories":1243},[123],{"categories":1245},[193],{"categories":1247},[126],{"categories":1249},[],{"categories":1251},[126],{"categories":1253},[],{"categories":1255},[250],{"categories":1257},[136],{"categories":1259},[],{"categories":1261},[70],{"categories":1263},[126],{"categories":1265},[123],{"categories":1267},[193,123],{"categories":1269},[117],{"categories":1271},[],{"categories":1273},[123],{"categories":1275},[117],{"categories":1277},[1278],"Medical Imaging & Radiology",{"categories":1280},[193],{"categories":1282},[126],{"categories":1284},[136],{"categories":1286},[],{"categories":1288},[123],{"categories":1290},[123],{"categories":1292},[123],{"categories":1294},[],{"categories":1296},[],{"categories":1298},[123],{"categories":1300},[395],{"categories":1302},[123],{"categories":1304},[117],{"categories":1306},[123],{"categories":1308},[123],{"categories":1310},[],{"categories":1312},[126],{"categories":1314},[123],{"categories":1316},[129],{"categories":1318},[136],{"categories":1320},[123],{"categories":1322},[395],{"categories":1324},[123],{"categories":1326},[126],{"categories":1328},[123],{"categories":1330},[193],{"categories":1332},[126],{"categories":1334},[250],{"categories":1336},[193],{"categories":1338},[120],{"categories":1340},[126],{"categories":1342},[123],{"categories":1344},[123],{"categories":1346},[123],{"categories":1348},[126],{"categories":1350},[136],{"categories":1352},[123],{"categories":1354},[129],{"categories":1356},[],{"categories":1358},[158],{"categories":1360},[],{"categories":1362},[129],{"categories":1364},[126],{"categories":1366},[1010],{"categories":1368},[1010],{"categories":1370},[193],{"categories":1372},[123],{"categories":1374},[123],{"categories":1376},[126],{"categories":1378},[136],{"categories":1380},[193],{"categories":1382},[126],{"categories":1384},[158],{"categories":1386},[],{"categories":1388},[123],{"categories":1390},[],{"categories":1392},[123],{"categories":1394},[123],{"categories":1396},[1397],"Contract Review & E-Discovery",{"categories":1399},[193],{"categories":1401},[123],{"categories":1403},[117],{"categories":1405},[158],{"categories":1407},[123],{"categories":1409},[123],{"categories":1411},[219],{"categories":1413},[123],{"categories":1415},[123],{"categories":1417},[126],{"categories":1419},[126],{"categories":1421},[742],{"categories":1423},[126],{"categories":1425},[395],{"categories":1427},[123],{"categories":1429},[123],{"categories":1431},[126],{"categories":1433},[123],{"categories":1435},[395],{"categories":1437},[378],{"categories":1439},[123],{"categories":1441},[126],{"categories":1443},[123],{"categories":1445},[1446],"Law-Firm Practice & Adoption",{"categories":1448},[123],{"categories":1450},[126],{"categories":1452},[193],{"categories":1454},[123],{"categories":1456},[123],{"categories":1458},[],{"categories":1460},[],{"categories":1462},[136],{"categories":1464},[],{"categories":1466},[117],{"categories":1468},[250],{"categories":1470},[123],{"categories":1472},[],{"categories":1474},[117],{"categories":1476},[120],{"categories":1478},[123],{"categories":1480},[219],{"categories":1482},[],{"categories":1484},[120],{"categories":1486},[120],{"categories":1488},[],{"categories":1490},[123],{"categories":1492},[123],{"categories":1494},[136],{"categories":1496},[],{"categories":1498},[],{"categories":1500},[],{"categories":1502},[],{"categories":1504},[123],{"categories":1506},[126],{"categories":1508},[250],{"categories":1510},[123],{"categories":1512},[117],{"categories":1514},[136],{"categories":1516},[123],{"categories":1518},[123],{"categories":1520},[136],{"categories":1522},[129],{"categories":1524},[123],{"categories":1526},[763],{"categories":1528},[123],{"categories":1530},[219],{"categories":1532},[136],{"categories":1534},[120],{"categories":1536},[123],{"categories":1538},[123],{"categories":1540},[193],{"categories":1542},[123],{"categories":1544},[123],{"categories":1546},[123],{"categories":1548},[126],{"categories":1550},[123,117],{"categories":1552},[395],{"categories":1554},[123],{"categories":1556},[136],{"categories":1558},[136],{"categories":1560},[193],{"categories":1562},[126],{"categories":1564},[136],{"categories":1566},[123],{"categories":1568},[123],{"categories":1570},[],{"categories":1572},[],{"categories":1574},[123],{"categories":1576},[],{"categories":1578},[123],{"categories":1580},[136],{"categories":1582},[196],{"categories":1584},[158],{"categories":1586},[193],{"categories":1588},[123],{"categories":1590},[136],{"categories":1592},[],{"categories":1594},[126],{"categories":1596},[123],{"categories":1598},[123],{"categories":1600},[123],{"categories":1602},[123],{"categories":1604},[],{"categories":1606},[126],{"categories":1608},[123],{"categories":1610},[123],{"categories":1612},[],{"categories":1614},[126],{"categories":1616},[123],{"categories":1618},[120],{"categories":1620},[123],{"categories":1622},[],{"categories":1624},[117],{"categories":1626},[123],{"categories":1628},[193],{"categories":1630},[136],{"categories":1632},[123],{"categories":1634},[117],{"categories":1636},[123],{"categories":1638},[136],{"categories":1640},[219],{"categories":1642},[126],{"categories":1644},[126],{"categories":1646},[123,193],{"categories":1648},[123],{"categories":1650},[158],{"categories":1652},[123],{"categories":1654},[158],{"categories":1656},[126],{"categories":1658},[193],{"categories":1660},[],{"categories":1662},[136],{"categories":1664},[250],{"categories":1666},[193],{"categories":1668},[136],{"categories":1670},[123],{"categories":1672},[129],{"categories":1674},[123],{"categories":1676},[126],{"categories":1678},[],{"categories":1680},[],{"categories":1682},[],{"categories":1684},[],{"categories":1686},[129],{"categories":1688},[136],{"categories":1690},[123],{"categories":1692},[126],{"categories":1694},[126],{"categories":1696},[120],{"categories":1698},[126],{"categories":1700},[250],{"categories":1702},[123],{"categories":1704},[123],{"categories":1706},[147],{"categories":1708},[395],{"categories":1710},[123],{"categories":1712},[126],{"categories":1714},[123],{"categories":1716},[123],{"categories":1718},[353],{"categories":1720},[742],{"categories":1722},[],{"categories":1724},[193],{"categories":1726},[1446],{"categories":1728},[136],{"categories":1730},[],{"categories":1732},[],{"categories":1734},[126],{"categories":1736},[],{"categories":1738},[],{"categories":1740},[219],{"categories":1742},[219],{"categories":1744},[126],{"categories":1746},[136],{"categories":1748},[],{"categories":1750},[123],{"categories":1752},[123],{"categories":1754},[136],{"categories":1756},[1397],{"categories":1758},[193],{"categories":1760},[193],{"categories":1762},[123],{"categories":1764},[126],{"categories":1766},[117],{"categories":1768},[123],{"categories":1770},[123],{"categories":1772},[193],{"categories":1774},[193],{"categories":1776},[126],{"categories":1778},[126],{"categories":1780},[123],{"categories":1782},[],{"categories":1784},[123],{"categories":1786},[],{"categories":1788},[1789],"Interaction & Product Design",{"categories":1791},[123],{"categories":1793},[126],{"categories":1795},[275],{"categories":1797},[158],{"categories":1799},[136],{"categories":1801},[123],{"categories":1803},[136],{"categories":1805},[117],{"categories":1807},[123],{"categories":1809},[],{"categories":1811},[126],{"categories":1813},[126],{"categories":1815},[],{"categories":1817},[136],{"categories":1819},[123],{"categories":1821},[117],{"categories":1823},[1789],{"categories":1825},[123],{"categories":1827},[117],{"categories":1829},[117],{"categories":1831},[],{"categories":1833},[136],{"categories":1835},[],{"categories":1837},[126],{"categories":1839},[158],{"categories":1841},[123],{"categories":1843},[126],{"categories":1845},[123],{"categories":1847},[126],{"categories":1849},[123],{"categories":1851},[158],{"categories":1853},[196],{"categories":1855},[123],{"categories":1857},[129],{"categories":1859},[136],{"categories":1861},[1862],"Coding Agents & Dev Productivity",{"categories":1864},[158],{"categories":1866},[193],{"categories":1868},[],{"categories":1870},[742],{"categories":1872},[],{"categories":1874},[123],{"categories":1876},[123],{"categories":1878},[158],{"categories":1880},[],{"categories":1882},[],{"categories":1884},[],{"categories":1886},[126],{"categories":1888},[123],{"categories":1890},[],{"categories":1892},[136],{"categories":1894},[136],{"categories":1896},[123],{"categories":1898},[196],{"categories":1900},[],{"categories":1902},[123],{"categories":1904},[123],{"categories":1906},[123],{"categories":1908},[196],{"categories":1910},[136],{"categories":1912},[],{"categories":1914},[],{"categories":1916},[126],{"categories":1918},[126],{"categories":1920},[334],{"categories":1922},[136],{"categories":1924},[136],{"categories":1926},[126],{"categories":1928},[158],{"categories":1930},[158],{"categories":1932},[126],{"categories":1934},[126],{"categories":1936},[123],{"categories":1938},[117],{"categories":1940},[1789],{"categories":1942},[123,250],{"categories":1944},[],{"categories":1946},[193],{"categories":1948},[136],{"categories":1950},[117],{"categories":1952},[123],{"categories":1954},[126],{"categories":1956},[1957],"The Designer's Role & Craft",{"categories":1959},[193],{"categories":1961},[],{"categories":1963},[126],{"categories":1965},[123],{"categories":1967},[126],{"categories":1969},[126],{"categories":1971},[123],{"categories":1973},[219],{"categories":1975},[123],{"categories":1977},[136],{"categories":1979},[193],{"categories":1981},[123],{"categories":1983},[],{"categories":1985},[126],{"categories":1987},[193],{"categories":1989},[123],{"categories":1991},[123],{"categories":1993},[1994],"AI UX Patterns",{"categories":1996},[126],{"categories":1998},[126],{"categories":2000},[126],{"categories":2002},[126],{"categories":2004},[219],{"categories":2006},[196],{"categories":2008},[123],{"categories":2010},[126],{"categories":2012},[123],{"categories":2014},[1010],{"categories":2016},[],{"categories":2018},[219],{"categories":2020},[158],{"categories":2022},[136],{"categories":2024},[123],{"categories":2026},[126],{"categories":2028},[],{"categories":2030},[],{"categories":2032},[123],{"categories":2034},[126],{"categories":2036},[123],{"categories":2038},[126],{"categories":2040},[334],{"categories":2042},[193],{"categories":2044},[158],{"categories":2046},[136],{"categories":2048},[123],{"categories":2050},[126],{"categories":2052},[126],{"categories":2054},[],{"categories":2056},[123],{"categories":2058},[],{"categories":2060},[],{"categories":2062},[123],{"categories":2064},[123],{"categories":2066},[126],{"categories":2068},[136],{"categories":2070},[],{"categories":2072},[],{"categories":2074},[196],{"categories":2076},[147],{"categories":2078},[123],{"categories":2080},[196],{"categories":2082},[158],{"categories":2084},[123],{"categories":2086},[123],{"categories":2088},[126],{"categories":2090},[126],{"categories":2092},[123],{"categories":2094},[126],{"categories":2096},[],{"categories":2098},[],{"categories":2100},[123],{"categories":2102},[250],{"categories":2104},[123],{"categories":2106},[],{"categories":2108},[],{"categories":2110},[193],{"categories":2112},[763],{"categories":2114},[126],{"categories":2116},[117],{"categories":2118},[1957],{"categories":2120},[],{"categories":2122},[],{"categories":2124},[123],{"categories":2126},[],{"categories":2128},[],{"categories":2130},[136],{"categories":2132},[158],{"categories":2134},[219],{"categories":2136},[120],{"categories":2138},[123],{"categories":2140},[123],{"categories":2142},[120],{"categories":2144},[],{"categories":2146},[193],{"categories":2148},[123],{"categories":2150},[126],{"categories":2152},[120],{"categories":2154},[123],{"categories":2156},[123],{"categories":2158},[117],{"categories":2160},[123],{"categories":2162},[],{"categories":2164},[117],{"categories":2166},[123],{"categories":2168},[219],{"categories":2170},[126],{"categories":2172},[158],{"categories":2174},[123],{"categories":2176},[120],{"categories":2178},[123],{"categories":2180},[123],{"categories":2182},[123],{"categories":2184},[126],{"categories":2186},[],{"categories":2188},[123],{"categories":2190},[136],{"categories":2192},[117],{"categories":2194},[123],{"categories":2196},[123],{"categories":2198},[],{"categories":2200},[395],{"categories":2202},[158],{"categories":2204},[123],{"categories":2206},[123],{"categories":2208},[],{"categories":2210},[120],{"categories":2212},[120],{"categories":2214},[123],{"categories":2216},[123],{"categories":2218},[129],{"categories":2220},[123],{"categories":2222},[123],{"categories":2224},[136],{"categories":2226},[136],{"categories":2228},[123],{"categories":2230},[],{"categories":2232},[136],{"categories":2234},[123],{"categories":2236},[477],{"categories":2238},[],{"categories":2240},[],{"categories":2242},[123],{"categories":2244},[158],{"categories":2246},[],{"categories":2248},[250],{"categories":2250},[123],{"categories":2252},[123],{"categories":2254},[193],{"categories":2256},[733],{"categories":2258},[],{"categories":2260},[123],{"categories":2262},[136],{"categories":2264},[123],{"categories":2266},[123],{"categories":2268},[123,250],{"categories":2270},[123],{"categories":2272},[123],{"categories":2274},[193],{"categories":2276},[126],{"categories":2278},[],{"categories":2280},[126],{"categories":2282},[126],{"categories":2284},[123],{"categories":2286},[123],{"categories":2288},[123],{"categories":2290},[196],{"categories":2292},[123],{"categories":2294},[1994],{"categories":2296},[117],{"categories":2298},[196],{"categories":2300},[117],{"categories":2302},[136],{"categories":2304},[193],{"categories":2306},[126],{"categories":2308},[123],{"categories":2310},[],{"categories":2312},[123],{"categories":2314},[158],{"categories":2316},[123],{"categories":2318},[126],{"categories":2320},[123],{"categories":2322},[123],{"categories":2324},[120],{"categories":2326},[],{"categories":2328},[250],{"categories":2330},[123],{"categories":2332},[334],{"categories":2334},[193],{"categories":2336},[193],{"categories":2338},[136],{"categories":2340},[126],{"categories":2342},[123],{"categories":2344},[120],{"categories":2346},[158],{"categories":2348},[123],{"categories":2350},[193],{"categories":2352},[126],{"categories":2354},[123],{"categories":2356},[123],{"categories":2358},[70],{"categories":2360},[],{"categories":2362},[123],{"categories":2364},[123],{"categories":2366},[123],{"categories":2368},[],{"categories":2370},[],{"categories":2372},[123],{"categories":2374},[123],{"categories":2376},[123],{"categories":2378},[123],{"categories":2380},[136],{"categories":2382},[123],{"categories":2384},[123],{"categories":2386},[126],{"categories":2388},[123],{"categories":2390},[123],{"categories":2392},[123],{"categories":2394},[123],{"categories":2396},[],{"categories":2398},[196],{"categories":2400},[123],{"categories":2402},[126],{"categories":2404},[123],{"categories":2406},[],{"categories":2408},[],{"categories":2410},[123],{"categories":2412},[123],{"categories":2414},[123],{"categories":2416},[158],{"categories":2418},[],{"categories":2420},[123],{"categories":2422},[193],{"categories":2424},[123],{"categories":2426},[250],{"categories":2428},[1446],{"categories":2430},[158],{"categories":2432},[136],{"categories":2434},[136],{"categories":2436},[136],{"categories":2438},[158],{"categories":2440},[158],{"categories":2442},[250],{"categories":2444},[],{"categories":2446},[158],{"categories":2448},[123],{"categories":2450},[117],{"categories":2452},[136],{"categories":2454},[123],{"categories":2456},[158],{"categories":2458},[],{"categories":2460},[123],{"categories":2462},[136],{"categories":2464},[196],{"categories":2466},[123],{"categories":2468},[158],{"categories":2470},[123],{"categories":2472},[136],{"categories":2474},[126],{"categories":2476},[158],{"categories":2478},[126],{"categories":2480},[250],{"categories":2482},[126],{"categories":2484},[123],{"categories":2486},[123],{"categories":2488},[136],{"categories":2490},[123],{"categories":2492},[],{"categories":2494},[120],{"categories":2496},[136],{"categories":2498},[],{"categories":2500},[],{"categories":2502},[123],{"categories":2504},[126],{"categories":2506},[123],{"categories":2508},[2509],"Frameworks & Tooling",{"categories":2511},[123],{"categories":2513},[123],{"categories":2515},[123],{"categories":2517},[123],{"categories":2519},[],{"categories":2521},[196],{"categories":2523},[196],{"categories":2525},[117],{"categories":2527},[126],{"categories":2529},[193],{"categories":2531},[],{"categories":2533},[1446],{"categories":2535},[123],{"categories":2537},[136],{"categories":2539},[123],{"categories":2541},[250],{"categories":2543},[250],{"categories":2545},[],{"categories":2547},[126],{"categories":2549},[158],{"categories":2551},[158],{"categories":2553},[123],{"categories":2555},[126],{"categories":2557},[],{"categories":2559},[193],{"categories":2561},[123],{"categories":2563},[123],{"categories":2565},[],{"categories":2567},[123],{"categories":2569},[],{"categories":2571},[136],{"categories":2573},[123],{"categories":2575},[136],{"categories":2577},[250],{"categories":2579},[123],{"categories":2581},[136],{"categories":2583},[120],{"categories":2585},[123],{"categories":2587},[1446],{"categories":2589},[],{"categories":2591},[126],{"categories":2593},[117],{"categories":2595},[117],{"categories":2597},[],{"categories":2599},[126],{"categories":2601},[123],{"categories":2603},[2604],"AI Design Tooling",{"categories":2606},[193],{"categories":2608},[123],{"categories":2610},[123],{"categories":2612},[136],{"categories":2614},[193],{"categories":2616},[123],{"categories":2618},[136],{"categories":2620},[158],{"categories":2622},[129],{"categories":2624},[136],{"categories":2626},[126],{"categories":2628},[],{"categories":2630},[123],{"categories":2632},[123],{"categories":2634},[126],{"categories":2636},[123],{"categories":2638},[123],{"categories":2640},[],{"categories":2642},[126],{"categories":2644},[2509],{"categories":2646},[123],{"categories":2648},[126],{"categories":2650},[126],{"categories":2652},[136],{"categories":2654},[136],{"categories":2656},[],{"categories":2658},[136],{"categories":2660},[123],{"categories":2662},[123],{"categories":2664},[126],{"categories":2666},[120],{"categories":2668},[123],{"categories":2670},[],{"categories":2672},[123],{"categories":2674},[1789],{"categories":2676},[],{"categories":2678},[123],{"categories":2680},[123],{"categories":2682},[],{"categories":2684},[123],{"categories":2686},[395],{"categories":2688},[123],{"categories":2690},[219],{"categories":2692},[158],{"categories":2694},[123],{"categories":2696},[123],{"categories":2698},[1446],{"categories":2700},[117],{"categories":2702},[123],{"categories":2704},[123],{"categories":2706},[196],{"categories":2708},[123],{"categories":2710},[158],{"categories":2712},[126],{"categories":2714},[],{"categories":2716},[123],{"categories":2718},[193],{"categories":2720},[123],{"categories":2722},[219],{"categories":2724},[123],{"categories":2726},[126],{"categories":2728},[],{"categories":2730},[],{"categories":2732},[],{"categories":2734},[117],{"categories":2736},[158],{"categories":2738},[126],{"categories":2740},[123],{"categories":2742},[123],{"categories":2744},[123],{"categories":2746},[353],{"categories":2748},[193],{"categories":2750},[126],{"categories":2752},[123],{"categories":2754},[],{"categories":2756},[126],{"categories":2758},[126],{"categories":2760},[],{"categories":2762},[123],{"categories":2764},[126],{"categories":2766},[123],{"categories":2768},[],{"categories":2770},[123],{"categories":2772},[123],{"categories":2774},[158],{"categories":2776},[193],{"categories":2778},[126],{"categories":2780},[193],{"categories":2782},[126],{"categories":2784},[120],{"categories":2786},[],{"categories":2788},[],{"categories":2790},[123],{"categories":2792},[123],{"categories":2794},[117],{"categories":2796},[126],{"categories":2798},[158],{"categories":2800},[],{"categories":2802},[193],{"categories":2804},[],{"categories":2806},[136],{"categories":2808},[136],{"categories":2810},[193],{"categories":2812},[136],{"categories":2814},[123],{"categories":2816},[],{"categories":2818},[123],{"categories":2820},[123],{"categories":2822},[],{"categories":2824},[219],{"categories":2826},[123],{"categories":2828},[250],{"categories":2830},[136],{"categories":2832},[],{"categories":2834},[126],{"categories":2836},[123],{"categories":2838},[117],{"categories":2840},[70],{"categories":2842},[126],{"categories":2844},[126],{"categories":2846},[123],{"categories":2848},[123],{"categories":2850},[],{"categories":2852},[117],{"categories":2854},[123],{"categories":2856},[120],{"categories":2858},[136],{"categories":2860},[193],{"categories":2862},[],{"categories":2864},[],{"categories":2866},[],{"categories":2868},[126],{"categories":2870},[136],{"categories":2872},[193],{"categories":2874},[158],{"categories":2876},[123],{"categories":2878},[158],{"categories":2880},[126],{"categories":2882},[193],{"categories":2884},[123],{"categories":2886},[],{"categories":2888},[123],{"categories":2890},[147],{"categories":2892},[126],{"categories":2894},[193],{"categories":2896},[158],{"categories":2898},[120],{"categories":2900},[136],{"categories":2902},[123],{"categories":2904},[158],{"categories":2906},[219],{"categories":2908},[],{"categories":2910},[],{"categories":2912},[196],{"categories":2914},[395],{"categories":2916},[123],{"categories":2918},[126],{"categories":2920},[123,136],{"categories":2922},[158],{"categories":2924},[123],{"categories":2926},[123],{"categories":2928},[126],{"categories":2930},[123],{"categories":2932},[126],{"categories":2934},[123],{"categories":2936},[123],{"categories":2938},[],{"categories":2940},[1010],{"categories":2942},[136],{"categories":2944},[193],{"categories":2946},[123],{"categories":2948},[123],{"categories":2950},[196],{"categories":2952},[126],{"categories":2954},[219],{"categories":2956},[250],{"categories":2958},[],{"categories":2960},[123],{"categories":2962},[120],{"categories":2964},[126],{"categories":2966},[117],{"categories":2968},[126],{"categories":2970},[123],{"categories":2972},[126],{"categories":2974},[129],{"categories":2976},[136],{"categories":2978},[123],{"categories":2980},[123],{"categories":2982},[],{"categories":2984},[],{"categories":2986},[],{"categories":2988},[250],{"categories":2990},[123],{"categories":2992},[158],{"categories":2994},[123],{"categories":2996},[123],{"categories":2998},[123],{"categories":3000},[123],{"categories":3002},[],{"categories":3004},[196],{"categories":3006},[120],{"categories":3008},[126],{"categories":3010},[123],{"categories":3012},[],{"categories":3014},[123],{"categories":3016},[126],{"categories":3018},[123],{"categories":3020},[250],{"categories":3022},[],{"categories":3024},[193],{"categories":3026},[193],{"categories":3028},[],{"categories":3030},[136],{"categories":3032},[123],{"categories":3034},[193],{"categories":3036},[123],{"categories":3038},[120],{"categories":3040},[126],{"categories":3042},[123],{"categories":3044},[],{"categories":3046},[158],{"categories":3048},[123],{"categories":3050},[123],{"categories":3052},[193],{"categories":3054},[126],{"categories":3056},[158],{"categories":3058},[],{"categories":3060},[126],{"categories":3062},[126],{"categories":3064},[193],{"categories":3066},[123],{"categories":3068},[123],{"categories":3070},[123],{"categories":3072},[395],{"categories":3074},[123],{"categories":3076},[],{"categories":3078},[123],{"categories":3080},[123],{"categories":3082},[250],{"categories":3084},[158],{"categories":3086},[196],{"categories":3088},[477],{"categories":3090},[196],{"categories":3092},[],{"categories":3094},[],{"categories":3096},[],{"categories":3098},[126],{"categories":3100},[126],{"categories":3102},[136],{"categories":3104},[123],{"categories":3106},[378],{"categories":3108},[136],{"categories":3110},[123],{"categories":3112},[123],{"categories":3114},[123],{"categories":3116},[123],{"categories":3118},[126],{"categories":3120},[],{"categories":3122},[],{"categories":3124},[123],{"categories":3126},[],{"categories":3128},[123],{"categories":3130},[126],{"categories":3132},[193],{"categories":3134},[123],{"categories":3136},[123],{"categories":3138},[],{"categories":3140},[129],{"categories":3142},[123],{"categories":3144},[193],{"categories":3146},[123],{"categories":3148},[120],{"categories":3150},[123],{"categories":3152},[219],{"categories":3154},[126],{"categories":3156},[123],{"categories":3158},[733],{"categories":3160},[123],{"categories":3162},[126],{"categories":3164},[123],{"categories":3166},[136],{"categories":3168},[123],{"categories":3170},[70],{"categories":3172},[193],{"categories":3174},[],{"categories":3176},[158],{"categories":3178},[395],{"categories":3180},[126],{"categories":3182},[123],{"categories":3184},[],{"categories":3186},[158],{"categories":3188},[334],{"categories":3190},[126],{"categories":3192},[126],{"categories":3194},[123],{"categories":3196},[123],{"categories":3198},[126],{"categories":3200},[],{"categories":3202},[120],{"categories":3204},[126],{"categories":3206},[],{"categories":3208},[136],{"categories":3210},[123],{"categories":3212},[117],{"categories":3214},[158],{"categories":3216},[250],{"categories":3218},[147],{"categories":3220},[126],{"categories":3222},[126],{"categories":3224},[123],{"categories":3226},[126],{"categories":3228},[117],{"categories":3230},[],{"categories":3232},[123],{"categories":3234},[123],{"categories":3236},[],{"categories":3238},[],{"categories":3240},[193],{"categories":3242},[123,120],{"categories":3244},[126],{"categories":3246},[123],{"categories":3248},[],{"categories":3250},[117],{"categories":3252},[196],{"categories":3254},[120],{"categories":3256},[123],{"categories":3258},[136],{"categories":3260},[123],{"categories":3262},[126],{"categories":3264},[123],{"categories":3266},[123],{"categories":3268},[123],{"categories":3270},[158],{"categories":3272},[1010],{"categories":3274},[126],{"categories":3276},[123],{"categories":3278},[],{"categories":3280},[],{"categories":3282},[126],{"categories":3284},[123],{"categories":3286},[250],{"categories":3288},[],{"categories":3290},[123],{"categories":3292},[126],{"categories":3294},[147],{"categories":3296},[126],{"categories":3298},[395],{"categories":3300},[],{"categories":3302},[353],{"categories":3304},[126],{"categories":3306},[123],{"categories":3308},[219],{"categories":3310},[123],{"categories":3312},[196],{"categories":3314},[126],{"categories":3316},[123],{"categories":3318},[395],{"categories":3320},[123],{"categories":3322},[250],{"categories":3324},[],{"categories":3326},[123],{"categories":3328},[219],{"categories":3330},[193],{"categories":3332},[123],{"categories":3334},[123],{"categories":3336},[],{"categories":3338},[219],{"categories":3340},[158],{"categories":3342},[123],{"categories":3344},[123],{"categories":3346},[477],{"categories":3348},[117],{"categories":3350},[123],{"categories":3352},[],{"categories":3354},[],{"categories":3356},[193],{"categories":3358},[123],{"categories":3360},[196],{"categories":3362},[219],{"categories":3364},[126],{"categories":3366},[219],{"categories":3368},[158],{"categories":3370},[],{"categories":3372},[123],{"categories":3374},[],{"categories":3376},[123],{"categories":3378},[496],{"categories":3380},[123],{"categories":3382},[123],{"categories":3384},[126],{"categories":3386},[395],{"categories":3388},[123],{"categories":3390},[123],{"categories":3392},[123],{"categories":3394},[],{"categories":3396},[123,136],{"categories":3398},[158],{"categories":3400},[126],{"categories":3402},[136],{"categories":3404},[126],{"categories":3406},[763],{"categories":3408},[136],{"categories":3410},[123],{"categories":3412},[117],{"categories":3414},[],{"categories":3416},[],{"categories":3418},[126],{"categories":3420},[123],{"categories":3422},[136],{"categories":3424},[117],{"categories":3426},[136],{"categories":3428},[136],{"categories":3430},[123],{"categories":3432},[219],{"categories":3434},[123],{"categories":3436},[136],{"categories":3438},[],{"categories":3440},[123],{"categories":3442},[193,123],{"categories":3444},[250],{"categories":3446},[117],{"categories":3448},[],{"categories":3450},[123],{"categories":3452},[395],{"categories":3454},[120],{"categories":3456},[120],{"categories":3458},[123],{"categories":3460},[123],{"categories":3462},[334],{"categories":3464},[123],{"categories":3466},[136],{"categories":3468},[126],{"categories":3470},[123],{"categories":3472},[123],{"categories":3474},[158],{"categories":3476},[219],{"categories":3478},[193],{"categories":3480},[123],{"categories":3482},[123],{"categories":3484},[123],{"categories":3486},[123],{"categories":3488},[117],{"categories":3490},[123],{"categories":3492},[126],{"categories":3494},[126],{"categories":3496},[136],{"categories":3498},[158],{"categories":3500},[136],{"categories":3502},[],{"categories":3504},[],{"categories":3506},[196],{"categories":3508},[123],{"categories":3510},[136],{"categories":3512},[123],{"categories":3514},[193],{"categories":3516},[395],{"categories":3518},[353],{"categories":3520},[334],{"categories":3522},[123],{"categories":3524},[123],{"categories":3526},[123],{"categories":3528},[196],{"categories":3530},[123],{"categories":3532},[123],{"categories":3534},[123],{"categories":3536},[126],{"categories":3538},[117],{"categories":3540},[126],{"categories":3542},[123,120],{"categories":3544},[],{"categories":3546},[193],{"categories":3548},[],{"categories":3550},[129],{"categories":3552},[123],{"categories":3554},[158],{"categories":3556},[117],{"categories":3558},[117],{"categories":3560},[126],{"categories":3562},[126],{"categories":3564},[126],{"categories":3566},[123],{"categories":3568},[123],{"categories":3570},[120],{"categories":3572},[136],{"categories":3574},[219],{"categories":3576},[123],{"categories":3578},[],{"categories":3580},[158],{"categories":3582},[123],{"categories":3584},[123],{"categories":3586},[123],{"categories":3588},[123],{"categories":3590},[123],{"categories":3592},[136],{"categories":3594},[158],{"categories":3596},[136],{"categories":3598},[136],{"categories":3600},[123],{"categories":3602},[123],{"categories":3604},[353],{"categories":3606},[123],{"categories":3608},[126],{"categories":3610},[158],{"categories":3612},[123],{"categories":3614},[123],{"categories":3616},[126],{"categories":3618},[123],{"categories":3620},[123],{"categories":3622},[123],{"categories":3624},[2509],{"categories":3626},[3627],"Clinical AI",{"categories":3629},[193],{"categories":3631},[123],{"categories":3633},[123],{"categories":3635},[123],{"categories":3637},[250],{"categories":3639},[1994],{"categories":3641},[123],{"categories":3643},[129],{"categories":3645},[123],{"categories":3647},[126],{"categories":3649},[123],{"categories":3651},[123],{"categories":3653},[158],{"categories":3655},[123],{"categories":3657},[126],{"categories":3659},[219],{"categories":3661},[123],{"categories":3663},[123],{"categories":3665},[120],{"categories":3667},[123],{"categories":3669},[70],{"categories":3671},[123],{"categories":3673},[],{"categories":3675},[123],{"categories":3677},[136],{"categories":3679},[123],{"categories":3681},[],{"categories":3683},[],{"categories":3685},[123],{"categories":3687},[],{"categories":3689},[120],{"categories":3691},[123],{"categories":3693},[126],{"categories":3695},[158],{"categories":3697},[158],{"categories":3699},[158],{"categories":3701},[158],{"categories":3703},[],{"categories":3705},[117],{"categories":3707},[126],{"categories":3709},[158],{"categories":3711},[123],{"categories":3713},[496],{"categories":3715},[129],{"categories":3717},[123],{"categories":3719},[117],{"categories":3721},[126],{"categories":3723},[123],{"categories":3725},[123,126],{"categories":3727},[126],{"categories":3729},[250],{"categories":3731},[158],{"categories":3733},[126],{"categories":3735},[158],{"categories":3737},[126],{"categories":3739},[123],{"categories":3741},[],{"categories":3743},[158],{"categories":3745},[219],{"categories":3747},[117],{"categories":3749},[123],{"categories":3751},[123],{"categories":3753},[],{"categories":3755},[136],{"categories":3757},[],{"categories":3759},[117],{"categories":3761},[126],{"categories":3763},[158],{"categories":3765},[123],{"categories":3767},[158],{"categories":3769},[117],{"categories":3771},[158],{"categories":3773},[158],{"categories":3775},[],{"categories":3777},[120],{"categories":3779},[126],{"categories":3781},[158],{"categories":3783},[158],{"categories":3785},[158],{"categories":3787},[158],{"categories":3789},[158],{"categories":3791},[158],{"categories":3793},[158],{"categories":3795},[158],{"categories":3797},[158],{"categories":3799},[158],{"categories":3801},[196],{"categories":3803},[117],{"categories":3805},[123],{"categories":3807},[123],{"categories":3809},[126],{"categories":3811},[126],{"categories":3813},[],{"categories":3815},[123,117],{"categories":3817},[],{"categories":3819},[126],{"categories":3821},[158],{"categories":3823},[126],{"categories":3825},[763],{"categories":3827},[123],{"categories":3829},[123],{"categories":3831},[123],{"categories":3833},[123],{"categories":3835},[334],{"categories":3837},[123],{"categories":3839},[126],{"categories":3841},[120],{"categories":3843},[126],{"categories":3845},[763],{"categories":3847},[],{"categories":3849},[126],{"categories":3851},[193],{"categories":3853},[158],{"categories":3855},[123],{"categories":3857},[],{"categories":3859},[],{"categories":3861},[126],{"categories":3863},[193],{"categories":3865},[123],{"categories":3867},[],{"categories":3869},[123],{"categories":3871},[],{"categories":3873},[219],{"categories":3875},[123],{"categories":3877},[],{"categories":3879},[],{"categories":3881},[158],{"categories":3883},[117],{"categories":3885},[123],{"categories":3887},[120],{"categories":3889},[123],{"categories":3891},[123],{"categories":3893},[123],{"categories":3895},[120],{"categories":3897},[193],{"categories":3899},[],{"categories":3901},[123],{"categories":3903},[158],{"categories":3905},[],{"categories":3907},[123],{"categories":3909},[123],{"categories":3911},[193],{"categories":3913},[123],{"categories":3915},[219],{"categories":3917},[123],{"categories":3919},[250],{"categories":3921},[],{"categories":3923},[126],{"categories":3925},[219],{"categories":3927},[136],{"categories":3929},[],{"categories":3931},[123],{"categories":3933},[],{"categories":3935},[126],{"categories":3937},[193],{"categories":3939},[136],{"categories":3941},[],{"categories":3943},[2509],{"categories":3945},[120],{"categories":3947},[117],{"categories":3949},[196],{"categories":3951},[126],{"categories":3953},[193],{"categories":3955},[136],{"categories":3957},[],{"categories":3959},[],{"categories":3961},[123],{"categories":3963},[117],{"categories":3965},[123],{"categories":3967},[219],{"categories":3969},[],{"categories":3971},[126],{"categories":3973},[126],{"categories":3975},[126],{"categories":3977},[158],{"categories":3979},[136],{"categories":3981},[123],{"categories":3983},[126],{"categories":3985},[129],{"categories":3987},[123],{"categories":3989},[126],{"categories":3991},[123],{"categories":3993},[129],{"categories":3995},[219],{"categories":3997},[158],{"categories":3999},[],{"categories":4001},[219],{"categories":4003},[],{"categories":4005},[136],{"categories":4007},[126],{"categories":4009},[],{"categories":4011},[123],{"categories":4013},[123],{"categories":4015},[123],{"categories":4017},[123],{"categories":4019},[126],{"categories":4021},[120],{"categories":4023},[117],{"categories":4025},[123],{"categories":4027},[193],{"categories":4029},[136],{"categories":4031},[136],{"categories":4033},[123],{"categories":4035},[196],{"categories":4037},[126],{"categories":4039},[123],{"categories":4041},[126],{"categories":4043},[123],{"categories":4045},[120],{"categories":4047},[193],{"categories":4049},[136],{"categories":4051},[126],{"categories":4053},[123],{"categories":4055},[129],{"categories":4057},[123],{"categories":4059},[126],{"categories":4061},[123],{"categories":4063},[158],{"categories":4065},[],{"categories":4067},[117],{"categories":4069},[123],{"categories":4071},[123],{"categories":4073},[123],{"categories":4075},[136],{"categories":4077},[123],{"categories":4079},[136],{"categories":4081},[123],{"categories":4083},[126],{"categories":4085},[123],{"categories":4087},[123],{"categories":4089},[123],{"categories":4091},[123],{"categories":4093},[],{"categories":4095},[123],{"categories":4097},[193],{"categories":4099},[120],{"categories":4101},[158],{"categories":4103},[126],{"categories":4105},[123],{"categories":4107},[123],{"categories":4109},[193],{"categories":4111},[126],{"categories":4113},[123],{"categories":4115},[219],{"categories":4117},[123],{"categories":4119},[196],{"categories":4121},[123],{"categories":4123},[123],{"categories":4125},[158],{"categories":4127},[123],{"categories":4129},[123],{"categories":4131},[126],{"categories":4133},[250],{"categories":4135},[123],{"categories":4137},[126],{"categories":4139},[196],{"categories":4141},[],{"categories":4143},[126],{"categories":4145},[136],{"categories":4147},[123],{"categories":4149},[1862],{"categories":4151},[193],{"categories":4153},[275],{"categories":4155},[123],{"categories":4157},[117],{"categories":4159},[136],{"categories":4161},[120],{"categories":4163},[136],{"categories":4165},[123],{"categories":4167},[],{"categories":4169},[126],{"categories":4171},[126],{"categories":4173},[123],{"categories":4175},[123],{"categories":4177},[196],{"categories":4179},[],{"categories":4181},[158],{"categories":4183},[],{"categories":4185},[158],{"categories":4187},[123],{"categories":4189},[123],{"categories":4191},[126],{"categories":4193},[126],{"categories":4195},[126],{"categories":4197},[],{"categories":4199},[158],{"categories":4201},[123],{"categories":4203},[],{"categories":4205},[123],{"categories":4207},[123],{"categories":4209},[],{"categories":4211},[193],{"categories":4213},[136],{"categories":4215},[126],{"categories":4217},[123],{"categories":4219},[123],{"categories":4221},[219],{"categories":4223},[123],{"categories":4225},[123],{"categories":4227},[117],{"categories":4229},[],{"categories":4231},[123],{"categories":4233},[123],{"categories":4235},[],{"categories":4237},[117],{"categories":4239},[158],{"categories":4241},[136],{"categories":4243},[395],{"categories":4245},[123],{"categories":4247},[123],{"categories":4249},[123],{"categories":4251},[136],{"categories":4253},[158],{"categories":4255},[193],{"categories":4257},[123],{"categories":4259},[123],{"categories":4261},[123],{"categories":4263},[158],{"categories":4265},[193],{"categories":4267},[123],{"categories":4269},[158],{"categories":4271},[193],{"categories":4273},[123],{"categories":4275},[158],{"categories":4277},[126],{"categories":4279},[126],{"categories":4281},[126],{"categories":4283},[136],{"categories":4285},[158],{"categories":4287},[126],{"categories":4289},[126],{"categories":4291},[123],{"categories":4293},[136],{"categories":4295},[193],{"categories":4297},[123],{"categories":4299},[],{"categories":4301},[126],{"categories":4303},[],{"categories":4305},[],{"categories":4307},[],{"categories":4309},[126],{"categories":4311},[120],{"categories":4313},[126],{"categories":4315},[4316],"Liability & Ethics",{"categories":4318},[123],{"categories":4320},[126],{"categories":4322},[117],{"categories":4324},[126],{"categories":4326},[120],{"categories":4328},[219],{"categories":4330},[126],{"categories":4332},[],{"categories":4334},[477],{"categories":4336},[126],{"categories":4338},[],{"categories":4340},[117],{"categories":4342},[126],{"categories":4344},[],{"categories":4346},[126],{"categories":4348},[123],{"categories":4350},[123],{"categories":4352},[158],{"categories":4354},[123],{"categories":4356},[123],{"categories":4358},[126],{"categories":4360},[123],{"categories":4362},[123],{"categories":4364},[158],{"categories":4366},[126],{"categories":4368},[136],{"categories":4370},[193],{"categories":4372},[117],{"categories":4374},[123],{"categories":4376},[],{"categories":4378},[126],{"categories":4380},[126],{"categories":4382},[395],{"categories":4384},[193],{"categories":4386},[250],{"categories":4388},[158],{"categories":4390},[123],{"categories":4392},[193],{"categories":4394},[123],{"categories":4396},[117],{"categories":4398},[],{"categories":4400},[126],{"categories":4402},[123],{"categories":4404},[123],{"categories":4406},[126],{"categories":4408},[123],{"categories":4410},[193],{"categories":4412},[],{"categories":4414},[126],{"categories":4416},[129],{"categories":4418},[158],{"categories":4420},[126],{"categories":4422},[120],{"categories":4424},[],{"categories":4426},[123],{"categories":4428},[129],{"categories":4430},[123],{"categories":4432},[126],{"categories":4434},[158],{"categories":4436},[117],{"categories":4438},[250],{"categories":4440},[123],{"categories":4442},[123],{"categories":4444},[123],{"categories":4446},[158],{"categories":4448},[120],{"categories":4450},[123],{"categories":4452},[193],{"categories":4454},[158],{"categories":4456},[250],{"categories":4458},[123],{"categories":4460},[126],{"categories":4462},[],{"categories":4464},[70],{"categories":4466},[],{"categories":4468},[123],{"categories":4470},[250],{"categories":4472},[196],{"categories":4474},[126],{"categories":4476},[126],{"categories":4478},[4479],"Design News & Tools",{"categories":4481},[123],{"categories":4483},[158],{"categories":4485},[123],{"categories":4487},[117],{"categories":4489},[123],{"categories":4491},[193],{"categories":4493},[126],{"categories":4495},[126],{"categories":4497},[123],{"categories":4499},[395],{"categories":4501},[123],{"categories":4503},[395],{"categories":4505},[219],{"categories":4507},[123],{"categories":4509},[126],{"categories":4511},[],{"categories":4513},[123],{"categories":4515},[123],{"categories":4517},[123],{"categories":4519},[158],{"categories":4521},[117],{"categories":4523},[],{"categories":4525},[123],{"categories":4527},[123],{"categories":4529},[136],{"categories":4531},[496],{"categories":4533},[136],{"categories":4535},[193],{"categories":4537},[123],{"categories":4539},[123,126],{"categories":4541},[219,120],{"categories":4543},[123],{"categories":4545},[123],{"categories":4547},[123],{"categories":4549},[],{"categories":4551},[126],{"categories":4553},[],{"categories":4555},[136],{"categories":4557},[123],{"categories":4559},[136],{"categories":4561},[],{"categories":4563},[126],{"categories":4565},[123],{"categories":4567},[158],{"categories":4569},[123],{"categories":4571},[],{"categories":4573},[126],{"categories":4575},[123],{"categories":4577},[],{"categories":4579},[193],{"categories":4581},[123],{"categories":4583},[126],{"categories":4585},[123],{"categories":4587},[123],{"categories":4589},[117],{"categories":4591},[126],{"categories":4593},[123],{"categories":4595},[],{"categories":4597},[250],{"categories":4599},[219],{"categories":4601},[120],{"categories":4603},[120],{"categories":4605},[123],{"categories":4607},[117],{"categories":4609},[117],{"categories":4611},[123],{"categories":4613},[126],{"categories":4615},[123],{"categories":4617},[123],{"categories":4619},[123],{"categories":4621},[136],{"categories":4623},[123],{"categories":4625},[117],{"categories":4627},[126],{"categories":4629},[123],{"categories":4631},[219],{"categories":4633},[395],{"categories":4635},[158],{"categories":4637},[123],{"categories":4639},[123],{"categories":4641},[126],{"categories":4643},[123],{"categories":4645},[],{"categories":4647},[136],{"categories":4649},[],{"categories":4651},[136],{"categories":4653},[126],{"categories":4655},[117],{"categories":4657},[],{"categories":4659},[196],{"categories":4661},[250],{"categories":4663},[123],{"categories":4665},[136],{"categories":4667},[123],{"categories":4669},[],{"categories":4671},[158],{"categories":4673},[126],{"categories":4675},[136],{"categories":4677},[193],{"categories":4679},[123],{"categories":4681},[126],{"categories":4683},[136],{"categories":4685},[126],{"categories":4687},[158],{"categories":4689},[123],{"categories":4691},[117],{"categories":4693},[158],{"categories":4695},[136],{"categories":4697},[123],{"categories":4699},[193],{"categories":4701},[120],{"categories":4703},[123],{"categories":4705},[123],{"categories":4707},[123],{"categories":4709},[123],{"categories":4711},[123],{"categories":4713},[126],{"categories":4715},[123],{"categories":4717},[126],{"categories":4719},[123],{"categories":4721},[123],{"categories":4723},[117],{"categories":4725},[123],{"categories":4727},[126],{"categories":4729},[126],{"categories":4731},[193],{"categories":4733},[126],{"categories":4735},[126],{"categories":4737},[117],{"categories":4739},[126],{"categories":4741},[193],{"categories":4743},[],{"categories":4745},[123],{"categories":4747},[196],{"categories":4749},[395],{"categories":4751},[123],{"categories":4753},[123],{"categories":4755},[123],{"categories":4757},[136],{"categories":4759},[],{"categories":4761},[126],{"categories":4763},[219],{"categories":4765},[123],{"categories":4767},[158],{"categories":4769},[126],{"categories":4771},[123],{"categories":4773},[219],{"categories":4775},[126],{"categories":4777},[120],{"categories":4779},[120],{"categories":4781},[123],{"categories":4783},[123],{"categories":4785},[123],{"categories":4787},[117],{"categories":4789},[],{"categories":4791},[123],{"categories":4793},[126],{"categories":4795},[126],{"categories":4797},[123],{"categories":4799},[123],{"categories":4801},[123],{"categories":4803},[136],{"categories":4805},[],{"categories":4807},[117],{"categories":4809},[123],{"categories":4811},[123],{"categories":4813},[126],{"categories":4815},[126],{"categories":4817},[],{"categories":4819},[136],{"categories":4821},[136],{"categories":4823},[123],{"categories":4825},[219],{"categories":4827},[193],{"categories":4829},[],{"categories":4831},[123],{"categories":4833},[126],{"categories":4835},[117],{"categories":4837},[123],{"categories":4839},[136],{"categories":4841},[117],{"categories":4843},[158],{"categories":4845},[196],{"categories":4847},[158],{"categories":4849},[126],{"categories":4851},[],{"categories":4853},[158],{"categories":4855},[126],{"categories":4857},[193],{"categories":4859},[196],{"categories":4861},[123],{"categories":4863},[],{"categories":4865},[126],{"categories":4867},[2509],{"categories":4869},[158],{"categories":4871},[136],{"categories":4873},[123],{"categories":4875},[123],{"categories":4877},[120],{"categories":4879},[123],{"categories":4881},[117],{"categories":4883},[1446],{"categories":4885},[250],{"categories":4887},[117],{"categories":4889},[],{"categories":4891},[],{"categories":4893},[158],{"categories":4895},[126],{"categories":4897},[158],{"categories":4899},[],{"categories":4901},[126],{"categories":4903},[126],{"categories":4905},[126],{"categories":4907},[],{"categories":4909},[123],{"categories":4911},[],{"categories":4913},[158],{"categories":4915},[117],{"categories":4917},[193],{"categories":4919},[123],{"categories":4921},[158],{"categories":4923},[123],{"categories":4925},[158],{"categories":4927},[],{"categories":4929},[158],{"categories":4931},[117],{"categories":4933},[395],{"categories":4935},[126],{"categories":4937},[123],{"categories":4939},[],{"categories":4941},[136],{"categories":4943},[126],{"categories":4945},[129],{"categories":4947},[126],{"categories":4949},[117],{"categories":4951},[],{"categories":4953},[],{"categories":4955},[],{"categories":4957},[193],{"categories":4959},[126],{"categories":4961},[123],{"categories":4963},[123],{"categories":4965},[],{"categories":4967},[],{"categories":4969},[],{"categories":4971},[193],{"categories":4973},[123],{"categories":4975},[],{"categories":4977},[126],{"categories":4979},[123],{"categories":4981},[117],{"categories":4983},[],{"categories":4985},[],{"categories":4987},[193],{"categories":4989},[123],{"categories":4991},[158],{"categories":4993},[],{"categories":4995},[219],{"categories":4997},[158],{"categories":4999},[219],{"categories":5001},[196],{"categories":5003},[123],{"categories":5005},[123],{"categories":5007},[],{"categories":5009},[],{"categories":5011},[126],{"categories":5013},[],{"categories":5015},[123],{"categories":5017},[395],{"categories":5019},[123],{"categories":5021},[123],{"categories":5023},[],{"categories":5025},[126],{"categories":5027},[123],{"categories":5029},[123],{"categories":5031},[],{"categories":5033},[126],{"categories":5035},[123],{"categories":5037},[158],{"categories":5039},[123],{"categories":5041},[219],{"categories":5043},[120],{"categories":5045},[123],{"categories":5047},[123],{"categories":5049},[126],{"categories":5051},[196],{"categories":5053},[126],{"categories":5055},[126],{"categories":5057},[],{"categories":5059},[],{"categories":5061},[123],{"categories":5063},[],{"categories":5065},[158],{"categories":5067},[120],{"categories":5069},[],{"categories":5071},[],{"categories":5073},[193],{"categories":5075},[117],{"categories":5077},[],{"categories":5079},[120],{"categories":5081},[219],{"categories":5083},[123],{"categories":5085},[136],{"categories":5087},[117],{"categories":5089},[196],{"categories":5091},[120],{"categories":5093},[136],{"categories":5095},[136],{"categories":5097},[],{"categories":5099},[123],{"categories":5101},[],{"categories":5103},[126],{"categories":5105},[117],{"categories":5107},[193],{"categories":5109},[123],{"categories":5111},[117],{"categories":5113},[126],{"categories":5115},[250],{"categories":5117},[123],{"categories":5119},[123],{"categories":5121},[123],{"categories":5123},[117],{"categories":5125},[196],{"categories":5127},[126],{"categories":5129},[],{"categories":5131},[123],{"categories":5133},[136],{"categories":5135},[158],{"categories":5137},[136],{"categories":5139},[123],{"categories":5141},[129],{"categories":5143},[],{"categories":5145},[193],{"categories":5147},[158],{"categories":5149},[117],{"categories":5151},[126],{"categories":5153},[123],{"categories":5155},[123],{"categories":5157},[126],{"categories":5159},[123],{"categories":5161},[123],{"categories":5163},[120],{"categories":5165},[126],{"categories":5167},[126,250],{"categories":5169},[126],{"categories":5171},[136],{"categories":5173},[123],{"categories":5175},[123],{"categories":5177},[196],{"categories":5179},[126],{"categories":5181},[219],{"categories":5183},[126],{"categories":5185},[120],{"categories":5187},[],{"categories":5189},[126],{"categories":5191},[123],{"categories":5193},[120],{"categories":5195},[],{"categories":5197},[],{"categories":5199},[136],{"categories":5201},[123],{"categories":5203},[126],{"categories":5205},[196],{"categories":5207},[219],{"categories":5209},[123],{"categories":5211},[123],{"categories":5213},[126],{"categories":5215},[],{"categories":5217},[126],{"categories":5219},[158],{"categories":5221},[126],{"categories":5223},[],{"categories":5225},[158],{"categories":5227},[136],{"categories":5229},[2509],{"categories":5231},[117],{"categories":5233},[136],{"categories":5235},[123],{"categories":5237},[126],{"categories":5239},[123],{"categories":5241},[123],{"categories":5243},[219],{"categories":5245},[136],{"categories":5247},[],{"categories":5249},[158],{"categories":5251},[123],{"categories":5253},[],{"categories":5255},[126],{"categories":5257},[123],{"categories":5259},[123],{"categories":5261},[123],{"categories":5263},[126],{"categories":5265},[123],{"categories":5267},[123],{"categories":5269},[129],{"categories":5271},[126],{"categories":5273},[123],{"categories":5275},[123],{"categories":5277},[123],{"categories":5279},[123],{"categories":5281},[123],{"categories":5283},[120],{"categories":5285},[],{"categories":5287},[129],{"categories":5289},[158],{"categories":5291},[126],{"categories":5293},[123],{"categories":5295},[136],{"categories":5297},[],{"categories":5299},[136],{"categories":5301},[136],{"categories":5303},[126],{"categories":5305},[136],{"categories":5307},[123],{"categories":5309},[123],{"categories":5311},[136],{"categories":5313},[123],{"categories":5315},[126],{"categories":5317},[158],{"categories":5319},[123],{"categories":5321},[123],{"categories":5323},[123],{"categories":5325},[120],{"categories":5327},[123],{"categories":5329},[126],{"categories":5331},[193],{"categories":5333},[],{"categories":5335},[123],{"categories":5337},[196],{"categories":5339},[126],{"categories":5341},[123],{"categories":5343},[],{"categories":5345},[123],{"categories":5347},[123],{"categories":5349},[158],{"categories":5351},[123],{"categories":5353},[123],{"categories":5355},[126],{"categories":5357},[219],{"categories":5359},[],{"categories":5361},[],{"categories":5363},[136],{"categories":5365},[158],{"categories":5367},[136],{"categories":5369},[158],{"categories":5371},[123],{"categories":5373},[219],{"categories":5375},[123],{"categories":5377},[117],{"categories":5379},[126],{"categories":5381},[123],{"categories":5383},[126],{"categories":5385},[126],{"categories":5387},[123],{"categories":5389},[120],{"categories":5391},[],{"categories":5393},[196],{"categories":5395},[123],{"categories":5397},[],{"categories":5399},[158],{"categories":5401},[123],{"categories":5403},[196],{"categories":5405},[123],{"categories":5407},[136],{"categories":5409},[136],{"categories":5411},[136],{"categories":5413},[126],{"categories":5415},[126],{"categories":5417},[126],{"categories":5419},[123],{"categories":5421},[193],{"categories":5423},[196],{"categories":5425},[196],{"categories":5427},[],{"categories":5429},[158],{"categories":5431},[123],{"categories":5433},[123],{"categories":5435},[136],{"categories":5437},[],{"categories":5439},[158],{"categories":5441},[158],{"categories":5443},[158],{"categories":5445},[],{"categories":5447},[126],{"categories":5449},[123],{"categories":5451},[],{"categories":5453},[117],{"categories":5455},[120],{"categories":5457},[],{"categories":5459},[123],{"categories":5461},[123],{"categories":5463},[],{"categories":5465},[136],{"categories":5467},[],{"categories":5469},[],{"categories":5471},[],{"categories":5473},[],{"categories":5475},[123],{"categories":5477},[158],{"categories":5479},[],{"categories":5481},[],{"categories":5483},[123],{"categories":5485},[123],{"categories":5487},[123],{"categories":5489},[196],{"categories":5491},[123],{"categories":5493},[196],{"categories":5495},[],{"categories":5497},[196],{"categories":5499},[196],{"categories":5501},[250],{"categories":5503},[126],{"categories":5505},[136],{"categories":5507},[],{"categories":5509},[],{"categories":5511},[196],{"categories":5513},[136],{"categories":5515},[136],{"categories":5517},[136],{"categories":5519},[],{"categories":5521},[117],{"categories":5523},[136],{"categories":5525},[136],{"categories":5527},[117],{"categories":5529},[136],{"categories":5531},[120],{"categories":5533},[136],{"categories":5535},[136],{"categories":5537},[136],{"categories":5539},[196],{"categories":5541},[158],{"categories":5543},[158],{"categories":5545},[123],{"categories":5547},[136],{"categories":5549},[196],{"categories":5551},[250],{"categories":5553},[196],{"categories":5555},[196],{"categories":5557},[196],{"categories":5559},[],{"categories":5561},[120],{"categories":5563},[],{"categories":5565},[250],{"categories":5567},[136],{"categories":5569},[136],{"categories":5571},[136],{"categories":5573},[126],{"categories":5575},[158,120],{"categories":5577},[196],{"categories":5579},[],{"categories":5581},[],{"categories":5583},[196],{"categories":5585},[],{"categories":5587},[196],{"categories":5589},[158],{"categories":5591},[126],{"categories":5593},[],{"categories":5595},[136],{"categories":5597},[123],{"categories":5599},[193],{"categories":5601},[],{"categories":5603},[123],{"categories":5605},[],{"categories":5607},[158],{"categories":5609},[117],{"categories":5611},[196],{"categories":5613},[],{"categories":5615},[136],{"categories":5617},[158],[5619,5738,5846,5918],{"id":5620,"title":5621,"ai":5622,"body":5627,"categories":5698,"created_at":71,"date_modified":71,"description":63,"extension":72,"faq":71,"featured":73,"kicker_label":71,"meta":5699,"navigation":95,"path":5724,"published_at":5725,"question":71,"scraped_at":5726,"seo":5727,"sitemap":5728,"source_id":5729,"source_name":5730,"source_type":103,"source_url":5731,"stem":5732,"tags":5733,"thumbnail_url":71,"tldr":5735,"tweet":71,"unknown_tags":5736,"__hash__":5737},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002Fd01eba4a302808d5-scaling-laws-in-llms-from-kaplan-to-chinchilla-summary.md","Scaling Laws in LLMs: From Kaplan to Chinchilla",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":5623,"output_tokens":5624,"processing_time_ms":5625,"cost_usd":5626},10558,1180,5145,0.0044095,{"type":14,"value":5628,"toc":5692},[5629,5633,5636,5639,5643,5646,5649,5653,5656,5660],[17,5630,5632],{"id":5631},"the-evolution-of-scaling-predictability","The Evolution of Scaling Predictability",[22,5634,5635],{},"Scaling laws describe the empirical relationship between training compute ($C$), model size ($N$), and dataset size ($D$). The core insight is that test loss $L$ decreases predictably as these variables increase, following a power-law curve. This predictability allows engineers to estimate the requirements for larger models by fitting curves on smaller, cheaper training runs.",[22,5637,5638],{},"Early research, such as Hestness et al. (2017), established that generalization error follows a power law across diverse domains. Rosenfeld et al. (2020) further refined this by modeling error as a joint function of $N$ and $D$, providing a parametric approach to predict loss for configurations larger than those already trained.",[17,5640,5642],{"id":5641},"reconciling-kaplan-and-chinchilla","Reconciling Kaplan and Chinchilla",[22,5644,5645],{},"The field experienced a significant shift in 2022 regarding how to allocate compute. Kaplan et al. (2020) suggested that for a 10x increase in compute, one should scale model size by ~5.5x and tokens by only ~1.8x. This implied that models should be large and trained for fewer steps.",[22,5647,5648],{},"The Chinchilla paper (Hoffmann et al., 2022) overturned this by demonstrating that most models at the time were severely undertrained. By scanning over 400 models, they concluded that $N$ and $D$ should scale at equal rates ($N_ \\propto C^{0.5}$). The discrepancy between the two findings is largely attributed to the scale of the experiments: Kaplan et al. extrapolated from smaller models, while Chinchilla’s experiments reached 10x larger scales. Additionally, Pearce & Song (2024) showed that embedding parameters—often ignored in early calculations—significantly skew the results at smaller scales, making the local power-law exponent appear higher than it is at larger scales.",[17,5650,5652],{"id":5651},"practical-implementation-and-fitting","Practical Implementation and Fitting",[22,5654,5655],{},"Fitting these laws in practice requires careful experimental design. The Chinchilla team utilized three methods: fixing model sizes to vary token budgets, using iso-FLOP profiles to find the minimum loss for a given compute, and parametric fitting using the Huber loss to ensure robustness against outliers. These methods converge on a compute-optimal frontier, proving that for a fixed compute budget, it is more efficient to train a smaller model on more data than to train a massive model on limited data.",[17,5657,5659],{"id":5658},"key-takeaways","Key Takeaways",[33,5661,5662,5668,5674,5680,5686],{},[36,5663,5664,5667],{},[39,5665,5666],{},"Compute Allocation:"," For modern LLM training, prioritize scaling model size and training tokens in equal proportion ($N \\propto D$).",[36,5669,5670,5673],{},[39,5671,5672],{},"Avoid Undertraining:"," If you have a fixed compute budget, training a smaller model for more steps (more data) is generally more efficient than training a larger model for fewer steps.",[36,5675,5676,5679],{},[39,5677,5678],{},"Extrapolation Risks:"," Scaling laws are sensitive to the regime in which they are fitted. Extrapolating from small-scale experiments to frontier-scale models can lead to incorrect conclusions about optimal architecture.",[36,5681,5682,5685],{},[39,5683,5684],{},"Embedding Impact:"," When calculating parameter counts for scaling laws, remember that embedding layers represent a non-negligible fraction of total parameters in smaller models, which can distort the perceived power-law exponent.",[36,5687,5688,5691],{},[39,5689,5690],{},"Predictive Power:"," Use parametric error models (e.g., $L(N, D) = A\u002FN^\\alpha + B\u002FD^\\beta + E$) to estimate performance before committing to large-scale training runs.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":5693},[5694,5695,5696,5697],{"id":5631,"depth":64,"text":5632},{"id":5641,"depth":64,"text":5642},{"id":5651,"depth":64,"text":5652},{"id":5658,"depth":64,"text":5659},[70],{"content_references":5700,"triage":5721},[5701,5705,5709,5713,5717],{"type":77,"title":5702,"author":5703,"url":5704,"context":81},"Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models","Kaplan et al.","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2001.08361",{"type":77,"title":5706,"author":5707,"url":5708,"context":81},"Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Models","Hoffmann et al.","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2203.15556",{"type":77,"title":5710,"author":5711,"url":5712,"context":81},"Deep Learning Scaling Predictability","Hestness et al.","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1712.00409",{"type":77,"title":5714,"author":5715,"url":5716,"context":81},"A Constructive Prediction of the Generalization Error Across Scales","Rosenfeld et al.","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F1909.12673",{"type":77,"title":5718,"author":5719,"url":5720,"context":81},"Are Chinchilla Scaling Laws Correct?","Pearce & Song","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2406.12907",{"relevance":92,"novelty":91,"quality":92,"actionability":91,"composite":5722,"reasoning":5723},3.6,"Category: Models & Frontier Labs. The article discusses scaling laws in LLMs, which is directly relevant to engineers focused on model performance and benchmarks. It provides insights into the evolution of scaling strategies, particularly the shift from Kaplan to Chinchilla, which addresses a key pain point for engineers trying to optimize model training. While it offers some practical implementation details, it lacks a step-by-step guide that would enhance its actionability.","\u002Fsummaries\u002Fd01eba4a302808d5-scaling-laws-in-llms-from-kaplan-to-chinchilla-summary","2026-06-24 00:00:00","2026-06-29 14:32:22",{"title":5621,"description":63},{"loc":5724},"d01eba4a302808d5","Lil'Log (Lilian Weng)","https:\u002F\u002Flilianweng.github.io\u002Fposts\u002F2026-06-24-scaling-laws\u002F","summaries\u002Fd01eba4a302808d5-scaling-laws-in-llms-from-kaplan-to-chinchilla-summary",[5734,107,109,108],"llm","Scaling laws provide a framework for predicting model performance based on compute, data, and parameters. While early research suggested scaling model size faster than data, modern findings (Chinchilla) show that compute-optimal training requires scaling model size and data tokens in equal proportion.",[],"SDZnMlM66c_HvCCZLrUexmd5H7PLLqVTQhMiUjr24-8",{"id":5739,"title":5740,"ai":5741,"body":5746,"categories":5808,"created_at":71,"date_modified":71,"description":63,"extension":72,"faq":71,"featured":73,"kicker_label":71,"meta":5809,"navigation":95,"path":5833,"published_at":5834,"question":71,"scraped_at":5834,"seo":5835,"sitemap":5836,"source_id":5837,"source_name":5838,"source_type":103,"source_url":5839,"stem":5840,"tags":5841,"thumbnail_url":71,"tldr":5843,"tweet":71,"unknown_tags":5844,"__hash__":5845},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F0d4f3d977f890fb0-the-diversification-of-the-open-model-ecosystem-summary.md","The Diversification of the Open Model Ecosystem",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":5742,"output_tokens":5743,"processing_time_ms":5744,"cost_usd":5745},5767,951,4163,0.00286825,{"type":14,"value":5747,"toc":5803},[5748,5752,5755,5759,5762,5782,5786,5789],[17,5749,5751],{"id":5750},"the-shift-toward-a-diverse-model-ecosystem","The Shift Toward a Diverse Model Ecosystem",[22,5753,5754],{},"The open model landscape is undergoing a structural change. Rather than being dominated by a handful of players, the ecosystem now features a wide range of organizations with distinct motivations. This shift supports the hypothesis that the industry is moving toward a long-tail of specialized models rather than a singular focus on chasing the absolute frontier.",[17,5756,5758],{"id":5757},"taxonomy-of-model-makers","Taxonomy of Model Makers",[22,5760,5761],{},"Model release motivations can be categorized into three primary groups:",[33,5763,5764,5770,5776],{},[36,5765,5766,5769],{},[39,5767,5768],{},"Pure Model Makers:"," Organizations focused on training frontier or near-frontier models. This includes both Western and Chinese companies, as well as an emerging class of sovereign AI players (e.g., Cohere, Mistral, Trillion Labs) driven by national interest.",[36,5771,5772,5775],{},[39,5773,5774],{},"Big Tech:"," Companies like Alibaba, Google, and NVIDIA release models to serve strategic business goals. For Alibaba, it is an upsell mechanism; for NVIDIA, it is a tool to drive GPU utilization and ecosystem growth.",[36,5777,5778,5781],{},[39,5779,5780],{},"Product Companies:"," Businesses like JetBrains and Krea train highly specialized, small models to meet specific product requirements. Because these models are tailored to their unique use cases, open-sourcing the weights does not negatively impact their competitive advantage.",[17,5783,5785],{"id":5784},"notable-technical-developments","Notable Technical Developments",[22,5787,5788],{},"Recent releases highlight a trend toward specialized architectures and improved licensing:",[33,5790,5791,5797],{},[36,5792,5793,5796],{},[39,5794,5795],{},"Licensing Evolution:"," NVIDIA has adopted the OpenMDW license for its Nemotron-3-Ultra-550B, which is specifically designed for model weights, addressing the limitations of applying software-centric licenses like MIT or Apache to AI models.",[36,5798,5799,5802],{},[39,5800,5801],{},"Efficiency and Architecture:"," New releases like the 218B-A25B MoE Command A+ from Cohere demonstrate the push for usability on single-GPU hardware (e.g., B200) via 4-bit quantization. Additionally, experimental approaches like NVIDIA’s Nemotron-Labs-Diffusion-14B introduce \"tri-mode\" capabilities, allowing a single model to function in autoregressive, diffusion, and self-speculation modes.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":5804},[5805,5806,5807],{"id":5750,"depth":64,"text":5751},{"id":5757,"depth":64,"text":5758},{"id":5784,"depth":64,"text":5785},[70],{"content_references":5810,"triage":5830},[5811,5815,5818,5821,5824,5827],{"type":83,"title":5812,"url":5813,"context":5814},"NVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Ultra-550B-A55B-BF16","https:\u002F\u002Fhuggingface.co\u002Fnvidia\u002FNVIDIA-Nemotron-3-Ultra-550B-A55B-BF16","reviewed",{"type":83,"title":5816,"url":5817,"context":5814},"command-a-plus-05-2026-bf16","https:\u002F\u002Fhuggingface.co\u002FCohereLabs\u002Fcommand-a-plus-05-2026-bf16",{"type":83,"title":5819,"url":5820,"context":5814},"GLM-5.2","https:\u002F\u002Fhuggingface.co\u002Fzai-org\u002FGLM-5.2",{"type":83,"title":5822,"url":5823,"context":5814},"ZAYA1-74B-preview","https:\u002F\u002Fhuggingface.co\u002FZyphra\u002FZAYA1-74B-preview",{"type":83,"title":5825,"url":5826,"context":5814},"Laguna-M.1","https:\u002F\u002Fhuggingface.co\u002Fpoolside\u002FLaguna-M.1",{"type":77,"title":5828,"url":5829,"context":86},"ZAYA1-8B Tech Report","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2605.05365",{"relevance":92,"novelty":91,"quality":92,"actionability":64,"composite":5831,"reasoning":5832},3.4,"Category: Models & Frontier Labs. The article discusses the diversification of the open model ecosystem, which is relevant to engineers interested in the latest model releases and architectures. It provides insights into the motivations behind different model makers and highlights notable technical developments, but lacks specific actionable steps for implementation.","\u002Fsummaries\u002F0d4f3d977f890fb0-the-diversification-of-the-open-model-ecosystem-summary","2026-06-29 14:32:26",{"title":5740,"description":63},{"loc":5833},"0d4f3d977f890fb0","Interconnects (Nathan Lambert)","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.interconnects.ai\u002Fp\u002Fartifacts-22-zyphra-cohere-and-poolside","summaries\u002F0d4f3d977f890fb0-the-diversification-of-the-open-model-ecosystem-summary",[107,5842,108],"open-source","The open model landscape is shifting from a few dominant players to a diverse ecosystem of niche, product-focused, and sovereign AI developers, signaling a move toward a long-tail of specialized models.",[],"XH6PTxesOahsUIPpikn2t5mtfGVf8PJDDK0ybHSycOM",{"id":5847,"title":5848,"ai":5849,"body":5854,"categories":5897,"created_at":71,"date_modified":71,"description":63,"extension":72,"faq":71,"featured":73,"kicker_label":71,"meta":5898,"navigation":95,"path":5906,"published_at":5907,"question":71,"scraped_at":5907,"seo":5908,"sitemap":5909,"source_id":5910,"source_name":5911,"source_type":103,"source_url":5903,"stem":5912,"tags":5913,"thumbnail_url":71,"tldr":5915,"tweet":71,"unknown_tags":5916,"__hash__":5917},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F20c0eff6a70c41ac-ai-modelnet-a-networked-architecture-for-collabora-summary.md","AI-ModelNet: A Networked Architecture for Collaborative AI",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":5850,"output_tokens":5851,"processing_time_ms":5852,"cost_usd":5853},6890,483,2670,0.002447,{"type":14,"value":5855,"toc":5893},[5856,5860,5863,5867,5870,5890],[17,5857,5859],{"id":5858},"the-case-for-an-ai-model-network","The Case for an AI-Model Network",[22,5861,5862],{},"As the industry shifts from monolithic, massive models toward a landscape of lightweight, private, and domain-specific models, the primary challenge has moved from raw compute to effective collaboration. The authors argue that just as the Internet transformed computing by enabling resource sharing and communication, an \"AI-Model Network\" (AI-ModelNet) is required to solve the current bottleneck of model isolation. This paradigm aims to move beyond single-model performance by establishing standardized pathways for interconnection, capability sharing, and collaborative reasoning.",[17,5864,5866],{"id":5865},"hierarchical-architecture-and-vision","Hierarchical Architecture and Vision",[22,5868,5869],{},"The proposed AI-ModelNet framework introduces a hierarchical system architecture designed to facilitate interaction between heterogeneous models. By treating models as nodes within a network, the architecture enables:",[33,5871,5872,5878,5884],{},[36,5873,5874,5877],{},[39,5875,5876],{},"Interconnection:"," Establishing protocols for models to discover and communicate with one another.",[36,5879,5880,5883],{},[39,5881,5882],{},"Capability Sharing:"," Allowing models to leverage the specialized knowledge or processing strengths of other models in the network.",[36,5885,5886,5889],{},[39,5887,5888],{},"Collaborative Reasoning:"," Orchestrating multi-model workflows to solve complex tasks that exceed the capabilities of any single model.",[22,5891,5892],{},"The authors validate this conceptual framework through a prototype system, demonstrating that diverse application cases can be handled more effectively when models are networked rather than siloed. This approach addresses the practical constraints of high training costs and deployment complexities by allowing smaller, specialized models to function as a cohesive, intelligent system.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":5894},[5895,5896],{"id":5858,"depth":64,"text":5859},{"id":5865,"depth":64,"text":5866},[395],{"content_references":5899,"triage":5904},[5900],{"type":77,"title":5901,"author":5902,"url":5903,"context":81},"AI-Model Network: Concept, Current State and Future","Li Zhetao et al.","https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2606.27382",{"relevance":92,"novelty":91,"quality":92,"actionability":91,"composite":5722,"reasoning":5905},"Category: Agents & Orchestration. The article discusses a new architecture for collaborative AI that addresses the fragmentation of models, which is relevant to engineers looking to implement multi-agent systems. It presents a novel framework but lacks detailed actionable steps for implementation.","\u002Fsummaries\u002F20c0eff6a70c41ac-ai-modelnet-a-networked-architecture-for-collabora-summary","2026-06-29 14:33:21",{"title":5848,"description":63},{"loc":5906},"20c0eff6a70c41ac","arXiv cs.AI","summaries\u002F20c0eff6a70c41ac-ai-modelnet-a-networked-architecture-for-collabora-summary",[5914,108,107],"agents","AI-ModelNet proposes a hierarchical, Internet-inspired architecture to enable interconnection and collaborative reasoning among heterogeneous, domain-specific models, addressing the fragmentation of the current AI landscape.",[],"HIPHr0jNleVFUoWQ7ZkFV3R2A1-1xRh-SFeerMvW7_o",{"id":5919,"title":5920,"ai":5921,"body":5925,"categories":6046,"created_at":71,"date_modified":71,"description":63,"extension":72,"faq":71,"featured":73,"kicker_label":71,"meta":6047,"navigation":95,"path":6063,"published_at":6064,"question":71,"scraped_at":6065,"seo":6066,"sitemap":6067,"source_id":6068,"source_name":6069,"source_type":103,"source_url":6070,"stem":6071,"tags":6072,"thumbnail_url":71,"tldr":6074,"tweet":71,"unknown_tags":6075,"__hash__":6076},"summaries\u002Fsummaries\u002F30f48121decc708b-previewing-gpt-5-6-sol-terra-and-luna-models-summary.md","Previewing GPT-5.6: Sol, Terra, and Luna Models",{"provider":7,"model":8,"input_tokens":5922,"output_tokens":10,"processing_time_ms":5923,"cost_usd":5924},12069,3459,0.00415275,{"type":14,"value":5926,"toc":6040},[5927,5931,5934,5963,5967,5970,6006,6010,6013,6033,6037],[17,5928,5930],{"id":5929},"the-gpt-56-model-series","The GPT-5.6 Model Series",[22,5932,5933],{},"OpenAI has introduced three new models in the GPT-5.6 series, each optimized for different use cases:",[33,5935,5936,5951,5957],{},[36,5937,5938,5941,5942,5946,5947,5950],{},[39,5939,5940],{},"Sol",": The flagship model, featuring a new ",[5943,5944,5945],"code",{},"max"," reasoning effort mode for deep analysis and an ",[5943,5948,5949],{},"ultra"," mode that utilizes subagents to coordinate complex, multi-step tasks.",[36,5952,5953,5956],{},[39,5954,5955],{},"Terra",": A balanced model designed for everyday professional workflows, offering performance competitive with GPT-5.5 at 50% of the cost.",[36,5958,5959,5962],{},[39,5960,5961],{},"Luna",": An efficient, low-cost model optimized for speed and affordability.",[17,5964,5966],{"id":5965},"performance-and-benchmarks","Performance and Benchmarks",[22,5968,5969],{},"The series demonstrates significant gains in agentic workflows, particularly in technical domains:",[33,5971,5972,5982,5992],{},[36,5973,5974,5977,5978,5981],{},[39,5975,5976],{},"Coding",": GPT-5.6 Sol sets a new state-of-the-art on ",[39,5979,5980],{},"Terminal-Bench 2.1",", which evaluates command-line planning and tool coordination.",[36,5983,5984,5987,5988,5991],{},[39,5985,5986],{},"Biology",": On ",[39,5989,5990],{},"GeneBench v1",", the model shows improved performance in long-horizon genomics and quantitative analysis while consuming fewer tokens.",[36,5993,5994,5997,5998,6001,6002,6005],{},[39,5995,5996],{},"Cybersecurity",": The models show improved efficiency in vulnerability research. On ",[39,5999,6000],{},"ExploitBench",", Sol matches the performance of the Mythos Preview while using only 33% of the output tokens. All three models show improved cyber capabilities on the ",[39,6003,6004],{},"ExploitGym"," benchmark as reasoning effort increases.",[17,6007,6009],{"id":6008},"layered-safety-and-deployment","Layered Safety and Deployment",[22,6011,6012],{},"GPT-5.6 launches with a multi-layered safety architecture designed to mitigate misuse while supporting defensive security work. Key components include:",[33,6014,6015,6021,6027],{},[36,6016,6017,6020],{},[39,6018,6019],{},"Model-Level Safeguards",": Training to refuse prohibited cyber assistance, even when users attempt jailbreaking or intent-masking.",[36,6022,6023,6026],{},[39,6024,6025],{},"Real-Time Classifiers",": A secondary layer that monitors output generation. High-risk requests trigger a pause, where a larger reasoning model reviews the context before allowing or withholding the output.",[36,6028,6029,6032],{},[39,6030,6031],{},"Phased Release",": The models are currently in a limited preview with trusted partners, coordinated with the U.S. government. OpenAI explicitly states this is a short-term measure and does not intend for government-gated access to become the long-term standard for model releases.",[17,6034,6036],{"id":6035},"cyber-preparedness","Cyber Preparedness",[22,6038,6039],{},"According to OpenAI's internal Preparedness Framework, GPT-5.6 Sol remains below the 'Cyber Critical' threshold. While the model can identify exploitation primitives and bugs in browsers like Chromium and Firefox, it did not autonomously produce functional full-chain exploits during testing.",{"title":63,"searchDepth":64,"depth":64,"links":6041},[6042,6043,6044,6045],{"id":5929,"depth":64,"text":5930},{"id":5965,"depth":64,"text":5966},{"id":6008,"depth":64,"text":6009},{"id":6035,"depth":64,"text":6036},[70],{"content_references":6048,"triage":6059},[6049,6051,6056],{"type":77,"title":6004,"url":6050,"context":81},"https:\u002F\u002Farxiv.org\u002Fabs\u002F2605.11086",{"type":6052,"title":6053,"url":6054,"context":6055},"other","GPT-5.6 Preview System Card","http:\u002F\u002Fdeploymentsafety.openai.com\u002Fgpt-5-6-preview","recommended",{"type":6052,"title":6057,"url":6058,"context":86},"OpenAI Preparedness Framework","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002Findex\u002Fupdating-our-preparedness-framework\u002F",{"relevance":6060,"novelty":92,"quality":92,"actionability":91,"composite":6061,"reasoning":6062},5,4.15,"Category: Models & Frontier Labs. The article provides detailed insights into the new GPT-5.6 models, including their capabilities and benchmarks, which are crucial for engineers looking to integrate these models into production systems. It highlights specific performance improvements in coding and cybersecurity, making it relevant and actionable for the target audience.","\u002Fsummaries\u002F30f48121decc708b-previewing-gpt-5-6-sol-terra-and-luna-models-summary","2026-06-19 00:00:00","2026-06-29 14:31:54",{"title":5920,"description":63},{"loc":6063},"30f48121decc708b","OpenAI News","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002Findex\u002Fpreviewing-gpt-5-6-sol","summaries\u002F30f48121decc708b-previewing-gpt-5-6-sol-terra-and-luna-models-summary",[107,5914,109,6073],"cybersecurity","OpenAI is previewing the GPT-5.6 series, featuring 'Sol' (flagship), 'Terra' (balanced), and 'Luna' (efficient), with improved agentic reasoning, coding, and biology capabilities alongside a new layered safety stack.",[6073],"FfTtmsHmmbTUJw7w6uxBIrGUK_DcV4wrNcv5MxMmkHk"]